Figure 5

Ordination diagram of redundancy analysis (RDA) showing the variation in groups, distance from trail (solid black arrow and red text) and transects (red arrow and red text) in the Latnjavagge valley, northern Sweden. Groups in the canopy layer included deciduous shrubs, evergreen shrubs, forbs, grasses, sedges and rushes. Groups in the understory were: acrocarpous bryophytes, cushion evergreens, evergreen shrubs bottom, lichens, liverworts, pleurocarpous bryophytes, litter, rock and soil. For species and plant functional groups, see Table 1, n =10.