An atypical lateral hernia and concomitant inguinal and umbilical hernias in a patient with polycystic kidney disease and an intracranial aneurysm – a combined approach of clinical and radiological investigation, endoscopic hernia repair, and anatomical cadaver model documentation and a systematic review of the literature

Veréb-Amolini, László; Betschart, Thomas; Kiss, Emilia; Ullrich, Oliver; Wildi, Stefan; Eppler, Elisabeth

doi:10.1186/s40064-015-0857-2

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Table 1 Summary of the reported hernias from the literature

From: An atypical lateral hernia and concomitant inguinal and umbilical hernias in a patient with polycystic kidney disease and an intracranial aneurysm – a combined approach of clinical and radiological investigation, endoscopic hernia repair, and anatomical cadaver model documentation and a systematic review of the literature

Author	Year	Patient	Description of intraoperativ finding	Classification by author	Classification by Gallese
					Parainguinal	Periinguinal	Spigelian?
Charles Greene Cumston	1904	9 year old girl	Origin in the internal ring but aside in abnormal position containing 3 small lipomas, plus a direct hernia	Interstitial Hernia	X
Jackson K.Holloway	1922	45 year old woman	8 cm above and lateral to the internal ring containing appendix which was removed	Lateral ventral Hernia			X
Alexius McGlannan	1927	50 year old man	interstitial between transveralis and internal oblique muscle	Lateral ventral Hernia			X
William E.Lower, N.Fred Hicken	1931	54 year old man	Opening just above the internal inguinal ring (containing omentum), no communication with the inguinal canal, no inguinal hernia demonstrable	Parainguinal interstitial Hernia		X
William E.Lower, N.Fred Hicken	1931	41 year old woman	Orifice just lateral and above the internal inguinal ring, Lig. Rotundum through the internal ring	Parainguinal interstitial Hernia		X
John Grierson, Aubrey Leacock	1949	59 year old woman	Neck about one inch above the internal ring no inguinal hernia	Parainguinal Hernia		X
John Grierson, Aubrey Leacock	1949	35 year old man	Direct hernia and 2nd orifice 1 inch above the internal ring (lliohypogastric nerve)	Parainguinal Hernia		X
Sten Ulbak Jørgen Ørnsholt	1982	36 year old man	Internal Aperture in the inguinal canal, Fundus lateral and above the internal ring containing sigmoid loop	Parainguinal Hernia	X
Nando Gallese	1991	maschio 55 anni	Hernia inguinale diretta, obliqua esterna, voluminoso lipoma preerniario e piccola hernia periinguinale	Hernia Periinguinale (adiposo)		X
Nando Gallese	1991	maschio 50 anni	Hernia inguinale diretta e difetto circulare del muscoli piccolo obliquo e trasverso	Hernia Periinguinale (francia epiploica)		X
Giuseppe Cavallaro et al.	2007	maschio 79 anni	ansa ileale al di sopra del canale inguinale	Periinguinal Hernia		X
Takahide Yokohama et al.	2013	81 old woman	Bilateral femoral, left indirect and right direct hernia and a hernia with an orifice lateral and cranial ot the internal ring	Lateral ventral Hernia: preaperitoneal fat with concomittant (right illiac) vessel		X
Own case	2015	51 year old man	Atypical Hernia laterally to the non enlarged inner inguinal ring and direct hernia, recurrent combined hernia (direct hernia and praeperitoneal Lipoma) on the opposite side plus umbilical hernia	Periinguinal Hernia		X

For all references to interstitial hernia see Greene Cumston 1905, McGlannan 1927, Lower and Hicken 1931.
For Spigelian Hernia Panagiotis N. Skandalakis (overview) 2006.
For Hernia extending into the inguinal canal Greene Cumston 1905, Ulbak and Ørnsholt 1983.
All other hernias are presented by the authors themselves and fits to hernias that have no communication with the inguinal canal Lower and Hicken 1931, Grierson and Leacock 1949, Gallese 1991, Cavallaro et al. 2007, Yokoyama et al. 2013.

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