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Table 3 Invasive hemodynamics

From: Effects of early and late-onset treatment with carvedilol in an experimental model of aortic regurgitation

Panel a		Early
	Sham	AR	AR + CAR	p-value
	(n = 6)	(n = 6)	(n = 5)
HR	355 ± 11	324 ± 7	305 ± 20	0.04*
ESP (mmHg)	120 ± 7.73	124 ± 9.45	136 ± 8.28	0,75
EDP (mmHg)	6.3 ± 1.7	4.9 ± 1.3	8.2 ± 2.1	0,87
ESV (arbitrary units)	18.8 ± 0.85	23.1 ± 1.14	20.8 ± 0.99	0,55
EDV (arbitrary units)	21.2 ± 0.89	26.1 ± 1.56	22.8 ± 1.1	0,39
Tau (msec)	12.5 ± 0.90	11.5 ± 0.88	13.8 ± 1.12	0,67
dp/dt maximum (mmHg/sec)	7419 ± 292	7284 ± 303	7831 ± 333	0,81
dp/dt minimum (mmHg/sec)	−7139 ± 314	−5317 ± 376	−6351.6 ± 765	0,42
Panel b		LATE
	AR	AR + CAR	p-value
	(n = 4)	(n = 7)
HR	368 ± 14	333 ± 12	0.09
ESP (mmHg)	148 ± 4.1	149 ± 10.0	0,35
EDP (mmHg)	7.2 ± 0.50	12.6 ± 0.57	0,16
ESV (arbitrary units)	21.3 ± 0.85	20.7 ± 0.47	0,26
EDV (arbitrary units)	23.7 ± 0.78	22.6 ± 1.37	0,86
Tau (msec)	18.2 ± 1.47	13.2 ± 0.99	0.03*
dp/dt maximum (mmHg/sec)	6473 ± 386	7770 ± 443	0,52
dp/dt minimum (mmHg/sec)	−7120 ± 1473	−6635 ± 594	0,54
SBP (mmHg)	131 ± 5.6	146 ± 7.7	0,36
DBP (mmHg)	65.0 ± 3.3	70.3 ± 5.5	0,26

Invasive hemodynamic measurements at sacrifice in the early (panel a) and late treated (panel b) groups. P-values are from paired analysis comparing treated (Carvedilol) and untreated (AR) groups. Pressure-volume time development (dp/dt), end-systolic pressure (ESP), end-diastolic pressure (EDP), end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic volume (EDV), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). *p < 0.05.

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