Table 2 Genes shown in the literature to be upregulated in the cortex after sleep deprivation

Immediate early genes/transcription factors

Arc (Cirelli and Tononi 2000a; Cirelli 2002) Fosb (Cirelli and Tononi 1998; Cirelli 2002) Egr1 (Cirelli and Tononi 1998; Cirelli 2002) Homer1a (Mackiewicz et al. 2007; Maret et al. 2007)

Arc (Terao et al. 2006; Thompson et al. 2010; Maret et al. 2007) Fosb (Maret et al. 2007; Terao et al. 2003a) Fra-2 (Terao et al. 2003a; Terao et al. 2006; Maret et al. 2007) Junb (Terao et al. 2003a) Egr1 (Terao et al. 2003a; Terao et al. 2006) Egr2 (Maret et al. 2007) Egr3 (Terao et al. 2003a; Terao et al. 2006; Maret et al. 2007) Homer1a (Maret et al. 2007; Mackiewicz et al. 2007)

Arc (Taishi et al. 2001; Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000a, [b]; Cirelli et al. 2006) Fosb (Cirelli et al. 2006) Fra (Cirelli et al. 2006) CHOP (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002; Cirelli et al. 2004) IER5 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Egr1 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002; Cirelli et al. 2006) Ngf1-b (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002; Cirelli et al. 2006) Egr2 (Cirelli et al. 2006) N-ras (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Stat3 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Homer1a (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Homer1a (Mackiewicz et al. 2007)

Egr2 (Conti et al. 2007) Homer1a (Conti et al. 2007)

Arc (Cirelli et al. 2006) Fosb (Cirelli et al. 2006) Fra (Cirelli et al. 2006) Egr1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ngf1-b (Cirelli et al. 2006) Egr2 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Homer1a (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ania-1 (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Energy metabolism/energy balance

Cox1 (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 1998, 1999a, [b], 2000b; Cirelli et al. 2004; Cirelli and Tononi 2004; Naidoo et al. 2005) Cox4 (Cirelli et al. 2004; Nikonova et al. 2010) Atp5a (Cirelli et al. 2004; Cirelli and Tononi 2004) Nadh2 (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 1998, 1999a, [b])

Nrf-1 (Nikonova et al. 2010)

Glut1 (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Vgf (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli et al. 2006) Ucp2 (Cirelli et al. 2004; Cirelli and Tononi 2004)

Cox1 (Nikonova et al. 2010) Cox4 (Nikonova et al. 2010) Atp5a (Nikonova et al. 2010) Ucp2 (Nikonova et al. 2010)

Vgf (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Chaperones/heat shock proteins/stress response

BiP (Maret et al. 2007; Terao et al. 2006; Mackiewicz et al. 2007; Naidoo et al. 2005) Erp72 (Terao et al. 2006) Grp94 (Maret et al. 2007; Terao et al. 2006) Hsp90ab1 (Maret et al. 2007) Hspb1 (Maret et al. 2007) Gadd45a (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) Gadd45b (Maret et al. 2007) Calr (Mackiewicz et al. 2007; Maret et al. 2007) Dnajc3 (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) Dnajb5 (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) Dnajb11 (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) Dnajc1 (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) Hsp105 (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) Hspa1a (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) Hspa1b (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) Nrf2 (Nikonova et al. 2010)

BiP (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002; Cirelli et al. 2004; Naidoo et al. 2005) PERK (Cirelli et al. 2004) Erp72 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Hspa9 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Grp94 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Hsp60 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Hsp70 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Calr (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ppp3 (Cirelli et al. 2004)

BiP (Naidoo et al. 2005; Mackiewicz et al. 2007)

Hspb1 (Conti et al. 2007)

BiP (Cirelli et al. 2006) Mrp14 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Taf9b (Cirelli et al. 2006) Cort (Cirelli et al. 2006) Hspb1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Hspa1a (Cirelli et al. 2006) Cryab (Cirelli et al. 2006) Gllg15b (Cirelli et al. 2006) Mgst1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Gpx3 (Cirelli et al. 2006) CYP4F4 (Cirelli et al. 2006)

DNA binding/regulation of transcription

Dbp (Maret et al. 2007)

Dbp (Cirelli et al. 2006) Atff5 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Neurod1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) c-myc (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Vesicle- and synapse-related

Scg2 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Syt4 (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b)

Scg2 (Cirelli et al. 2006) VAP1 (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Growth factors/adhesion molecules

Bdnf (Maret et al. 2007) Vegfa (Maret et al. 2007)

Bdnf (Cirelli 2002; Taishi et al. 2001; Cirelli and Tononi 2000a, [b]; Cirelli et al. 2006) TrkB (Cirelli and Tononi 2000a; Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Cntn1 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002)

Bdnf (Conti et al. 2007) Ifrd1 (Conti et al. 2007)

Bdnf (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ntm (Cirelli et al. 2006) Gas (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Receptors

Adra1a (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Adrb2 (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Gabrb3 (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Grin2a (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Glur2 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Glur3 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Chrnb2 (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Thrb (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Itpr3 (Cirelli et al. 2004)

Ntsr (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Enzymes

Sgk1 (Maret et al. 2007)

Sult1a1 (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Mapk81 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Sgk1 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Gpd1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Fkbpb1a (Cirelli et al. 2004)

Sult1a1 (Conti et al. 2007) Dclk1 (Conti et al. 2007) Ret (Conti et al. 2007) Gpd1 (Conti et al. 2007)

Sult1a1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Alox12 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Sgk1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Fdft1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ptgs2 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Pdk2 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Gpd1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Nqo1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Aldoc (Cirelli et al. 2006) Glb (Cirelli et al. 2006) Cbs (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Hormone/ Hormone regulation

Crhbp (Conti et al. 2007)

Crhbp (Cirelli et al. 2006) Crh (Cirelli et al. 2006) Cort (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Other

Cdkn1a (Maret et al. 2007) Dusp14 (Maret et al. 2007) Dusp4 (Maret et al. 2007) Nptx2 (Maret et al. 2007) Pdia3 (Maret et al. 2007) Vip (Maret et al. 2007) Xbp-1 (Maret et al. 2007)

tPA (Taishi et al. 2001) CaM (Cirelli 2002; Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) Ccnd2 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Lmo-4 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Mt3 (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b; Cirelli 2002) Junb (Cirelli et al. 2006) Cebpb (Cirelli et al. 2006)

Gfap (Conti et al. 2007) Anp32a (Conti et al. 2007) Mt1a (Conti et al. 2007)

tPA (Cirelli et al. 2006) IgK (Cirelli et al. 2006) Junb (Cirelli et al. 2006) Hba1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Cebpb (Cirelli et al. 2006) Rpl21(Cirelli et al. 2006) Alb (Cirelli et al. 2006) Npy (Cirelli et al. 2006) Hbb (Cirelli et al. 2006) Kcnh3 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Syt12 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Vip (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ptpn1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Grifin (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ccnd3 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Klf15 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Nupl1 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ilf3 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ptp4a2 (Cirelli et al. 2006) Ctnnb1 (Cirelli et al. 2006)