Table 1 Studies evaluating the consequences of sleep deprivation on the brain
From: A review of sleep deprivation studies evaluating the brain transcriptome
Reference | SD method | Conditions | Species; sex | Age | Time of sacrifice* | Expression method | Brain area |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Naidoo N. et al., 2005. (Naidoo et al. 2005) | Gentle handling | 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h SD - beginning at lights-on | C57/B6 mouse; ♂ | 10 weeks | Immediately after SD | WB | CTX |
Maret S. et al., 2007. (Maret et al. 2007) | Gentle handling | 6 h SD - beginning at multiple time points | C57BL/6 J; AKR/J; DBA/2 J Mouse; ♂ | 12-13 weeks | During last 30 min of SD | MA, QPCR | Whole Brain |
Conti B. et al., 2007. (Conti et al. 2007) | Gentle handling | 24 hours SD | Sprague–Dawley rats; ♂ | Adult (250-300 g) | Immediately after SD | MA | PFC, FCTX, AMY, HYPO, HIPP, DRN, LC |
Thompson C. et al., 2010. (Thompson et al. 2010) | Gentle handling | 6 h SD; 4 h RS after 6 h SD - beginning at lights-on | C57BL/6 J mouse; ♂ | 9-11 week | Immediately after SD or RS | MA, ISH | ORB, SCN, HCRT, TMN, PMCo, ENT, LC |
Cirelli C. and Tononi G., 1999. (Cirelli and Tononi 1999b) | 3 h SD; 3 h spontaneously asleep (S); 3 h spontaneously awake (W) | Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats; ♂ | MA | CTX | |||
Cirelli C. et al., 2004. (Cirelli et al. 2004) | Gentle handling | 8 h SD - beginning at lights-on; spontaneously asleep (S); spontaneously awake (W) | WKY rats; ♂ | Immediately after SD, 6 am for W rats | Microarray (pooled samples); real-time qPCR (pooled samples) | CTX | |
Cirelli C et al., 2006. (Cirelli et al. 2006) | Gentle handling for s-SD; DOW for l-SD | 8 h SD (s-SD) - beginning at lights-on; 7d SD (l-SD) | WKY rats; ♂ | Adult (300-450 g) | Immediately after SD | MA, QPCR | CTX |
Mackiewicz M., et al., 2007. (Mackiewicz et al. 2007) | Gentle handling | 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h SD - beginning at lights-on | C57BL/6 J mice; ♂ | 10-12 weeks | Immediately after SD | MA | CTX, HYPO |
Nikonova E., et al., 2010. (Nikonova et al. 2010) | Gentle handling | h3 and 12 h SD - beginning at lights-on | C57BL/6 J mice; ♂ | 8-10 weeks | Immediately after SD | WB, QPCR | CTX |
Terao A., et al., 2003. (Terao et al. 2003a) | Gentle handling | 6 h SD; 4 h RS after 6 h SD - beginning at lights-on | C57BL/6 J mice; ♂ | 10-12 weeks | Immediately after SD or RS | WB, QPCR | BF, TH, HYPO, CTX, CB, P, MD |
Cirelli C. and Tononi G., 2000. (Cirelli and Tononi 2000a) | Gentle handling | 1-9 h SD – beginning at lights-on | WKY rats; ♂ | Adult (300 g) | Immediately after SD | DD, RPA | Right CTX, Right HIPP |
Cirelli C. and Tononi G., 2000. (Cirelli and Tononi 2000b) | Gentle handling | 8 h SD; spontaneously asleep (S); spontaneously awake (W) | WKY rats; ♂ | Adult (300-350 g) | Immediately after SD; end of light period for S; end of dark period for W | DD, RPA | CTX |
Taishi P. et al., 2001. (Taishi et al. 2001) | Gentle handling | 8 h SD; 2 h RS after 8 h SD | Spague-Dawley rats; ♂ | Adult (320-350 g) | Immediately after SD or RS | RT-PCR, QPCR | CTX, HIPP |
Terao A., et al., 2006. (Terao et al. 2006) | Gentle handling | 6 h SD; 2 h RS after 6 h SD - beginning at light onset | Wistar rats ♂ | 2-3 months | Immediately after SD or RS | MA | CTX, BF, HYPO |
Cirelle C. and Tononi G., 2004. (Cirelli and Tononi 2004) | Gentle handling for short-term SD; DOW for long-term SD | 8 h SD (s-SD); 7d ( l-SD) - beginning at lights-on | WKY rats; ♂ | Adult (300-450 g) | Immediately after SD | RPA, QPCR | Right CTX (also liver and muscle) |
Cirelle C. and Tononi G., 1998. (Cirelli and Tononi 1998) | Gentle handling | 3 h SD; 3 h spontaneously asleep (S); 3 h spontaneously awake (W) | WKY rats; ♂ | Adult (300-350 g) | Immediately after SD; During dark phase for W rats | DD, RPA | Left CTX |
Mackiewicz M., et al., 2003. (Mackiewicz et al. 2003) | Gentle handing | 12 h SD beginning at lights-on (7 am) | Fischer rats ♂ | 2 months (180-200 g) | Multiple time points throughout day – all with time-matched controls | WB | CTX, LC, DRN, TMN, VDB, HDB, VLPO |