Table 4 Selected mutations on Candida albicans ERG11 and their features
Sl.no | Mutant | Substitution type | References | Comment | Functional nature substituted residues | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active site residues | Vital residues | |||||
1 | ERG11_A114S _Y257H | Double mutant | Detected in clinical isolates. Described in Azole resistant as well as susceptible isolates. Also described as single mutations (A114S/Y257H) and with various combinations. | None | None | |
2 | ERG11_D116E | Single mutant | Chau et al. 2004; Favre et al. 1999; Marichal et al. 1999; Perea et al. 2001; Sanglard et al. 1998a, 1998b; White et al. 2002 | Detected in clinical isolates. Described in Azole-susceptible and Azole-resistant isolates. Also in combination with other mutations. | D116 | None |
3 | ERG11_D116E_K128T_Y132H_G465S | Quadruplet mutant | Ying et al. 2013 | Detected in clinical isolates. Detected in Azole resistant strains. Several mutations detected as single mutants. | D116 | Y132 |
4 | ERG11_Y118A | Single mutant | The mutation have been clearly associated with resistance by experimental methods but have not yet been detected in clinical isolates | _ | Y118 | |
5 | ERG11_Y132H_G450E | Double mutant | Chau et al. 2004; Favre et al. 1999; Goldman et al. 2004; Loffler et al. 1997, Perea et al. 2001 | Detected in clinical isolates. Detected only in Azole resistant strains. | _ | Y132 |
6 | ERG11_P230L | Single mutant | Detected in clinical isolates. Detected only in Azole resistant strains with increased resistance. | _ | P230 | |
7 | ERG_F380L | Single mutant | Sanglard and Bille, 2002 | Detected in clinical isolates. Associated with Azole resistance. | _ | F380 |
8 | ERG11_K342R | Single mutant | Detected in clinical isolates. Described only in Azole-susceptible isolate. | None | None | |