Table 6 Race times (s) of the finalists (mean ± SD) at the Olympic Games with correlation coefficient and effect size
Sex | Stroke | Distance | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | r-value | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Women | Freestyle | 50 m | 25.36 ± 0.33 | 25.36 ± 0.37 | 25.01 ± 0.47 | 24.96 ± 0.18 | 24.35 ± 0.28 | 24.44 ± 0.20 | -0.94 | 31.33 |
100 m | 55.46 ± 0.67 | 55.37 ± 0.59 | 54.75 ± 0.62 | 54.57 ± 0.46 | 53.80 ± 0.49 | 53.54 ± 0.30 | -0.98 | 98.01 | ||
200 m | 119.94 ± 1.43 | 119.95 ± 1.26 | 118.92 ± 0.48 | 118.69 ± 0.43 | 116.35 ± 1.34 | 116.26 ± 1.35 | -0.94 | 31.33 | ||
400 m | 251.54 ± 3.05 | 250.00 ± 2.16 | 249.46 ± 2.55 | 248.05 ± 2.56 | 244.89 ± 2.66 | 244.14 ± 1.94 | -0.98 | 98.00 | ||
800 m | 514.78 ± 5.40 | 514.89 ± 5.48 | 507.82 ± 5.74 | 509.05 ± 4.39 | 504.41 ± 5.69 | 502.84 ± 500 | -0.95 | 38.00 | ||
1500 m | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||
Breaststroke | 100 m | 69.56 ± 1.05 | 69.02 ± 0.72 | 68.16 ± 0.92 | 67.54 ± 0.62 | 67.30 ± 0.99 | 66.60 ± 0.73 | -0.99 | 198.0 | |
200 m | 148.97 ± 2.05 | 147.73 ± 1.90 | 145.64 ± 1.04 | 145.48 ± 1.25 | 143.30 ± 1.63 | 142.37 ± 2.05 | -0.99 | 198.0 | ||
Backstroke | 100 m | 61.81 ± 0.77 | 62.20 ± 0.58 | 61.12 ± 0.58 | 61.07 ± 0.48 | 59.53 ± 0.43 | 59.13 ± 0.63 | -0.93 | 26.57 | |
200 m | 131.23 ± 2.21 | 132.69 ± 2.21 | 131.70 ± 1.98 | 130.69 ± 1.28 | 127.77 ± 1.54 | 127.21 ± 1.75 | -0.86 | 12.28 | ||
Butterfly | 100 m | 59.60 ± 0.92 | 59.89 ± 0.64 | 58.47 ± 0.91 | 58.54 ± 0.72 | 57.70 ± 0.60 | 57.10 ± 0.53 | -0.95 | 38.00 | |
200 m | 130.49 ± 1.76 | 130.46 ± 1.38 | 128.18 ± 1.60 | 128.58 ± 1.72 | 126.58 ± 1.43 | 126.15 ± 1.23 | -0.95 | 38.00 | ||
Medley | 200 m | 135.22 ± 2.56 | 135.59 ± 1.19 | 133.50 ± 1.48 | 133.24 ± 1.35 | 130.85 ± 1.72 | 130.08 ± 2.10 | -0.96 | 48.00 | |
400 m | 283.68 ± 6.18 | 283.47 ± 2.20 | 280.88 ± 4.73 | 280.99 ± 6.27 | 275.15 ± 4.84 | 273.35 ± 2.49 | -0.94 | 31.33 | ||
Men | Freestyle | 50 m | 22.38 ± 0.26 | 22.46 ± 0.23 | 22.18 ± 0.19 | 22.11 ± 0.15 | 21.56 ± 0.14 | 21.68 ± 0.20 | -0.92 | 23.00 |
100 m | 49.58 ± 0.35 | 49.30 ± 0.42 | 48.94 ± 0.39 | 48.80 ± 0.46 | 47.77 ± 0.39 | 47.87 ± 0.29 | -0.96 | 48.00 | ||
200 m | 108.19 ± 1.22 | 108.39 ± 0.49 | 107.43 ± 1.50 | 106.49 ± 1.38 | 105.81 ± 1.48 | 105.59 ± 1.44 | -0.97 | 64.66 | ||
400 m | 227.82 ± 1.96 | 230.56 ± 2.03 | 226.21 ± 2.76 | 225.91 ± 2.26 | 223.71 ± 1.97 | 225.52 ± 3.12 | -0.74 | 5.69 | ||
800 m | 481.20 ± 7.43 | 483.08 ± 5.20 | 477.99 ± 4.09 | 477.50 ± 4.23 | 473.01 ± 2.42 | 473.45 ± 5.12 | -0.92 | 23.00 | ||
1500 m | 908.89 ± 15.84 | 910.29 ± 9.17 | 901.67 ± 10.15 | 898.04 ± 12.61 | 888.60 ± 8.47 | 887.69 ± 9.75 | -0.96 | 48.00 | ||
Breaststroke | 100 m | 61.92 ± 0.29 | 61.46 ± 0.53 | 61.25 ± 0.49 | 61.14 ± 0.75 | 59.63 ± 0.46 | 59.61 ± 0.711 | -0.94 | 31.33 | |
200 m | 132.83 ± 1.76 | 134.31 ± 1.27 | 132.84 ± 0.91 | 131.22 ± 0.85 | 129.44 ± 1.16 | 128.54 ± 0.84 | -0.91 | 20.22 | ||
Backstroke | 100 m | 55.12 ± 0.82 | 55.18 ± 0.51 | 54.85 ± 0.65 | 54.52 ± 0.35 | 53.27 ± 0.40 | 53.16 ± 0.50 | -0.93 | 26.57 | |
200 m | 119.59 ± 0.73 | 120.87 ± 3.07 | 118.42 ± 1.02 | 117.98 ± 1.52 | 115.54 ± 1.08 | 115.62 ± 1.80 | -0.91 | 20.22 | ||
Butterfly | 100 m | 53.82 ± 0.40 | 53.07 ± 0.44 | 52.53 ± 0.41 | 51.98 ± 0.57 | 51.23 ± 0.46 | 51.68 ± 0.28 | -0.94 | 31.33 | |
200 m | 118.56 ± 1.06 | 117.97 ± 0.80 | 116.68 ± 1.05 | 115.89 ± 1.17 | 113.85 ± 1.12 | 114.24 ± 1.01 | -0.97 | 64.66 | ||
Medley | 200 m | 121.90 ± 1.19 | 121.86 ± 1.60 | 121.12 ± 1.22 | 119.71 ± 1.62 | 117.88 ± 2.06 | 117.02 ± 1.83 | -0.97 | 64.66 | |
400 m | 258.46 ± 3.44 | 257.59 ± 2.29 | 256.73 ± 3.16 | 254.70 ± 4.37 | 250.54 ± 4.02 | 250.79 ± 3.25 | -0.96 | 48.00 |