Change of the age and performance of swimmers across World Championships and Olympic Games finals from 1992 to 2013 – a cross-sectional data analysis

König, Stefan; Valeri, Fabio; Wild, Stefanie; Rosemann, Thomas; Rüst, Christoph Alexander; Knechtle, Beat

doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-652

SpringerPlus

Table 5 Race times (s) of the finalists (mean ± SD) at the World Championships 1994–2013 with correlation coefficient and effect size

From: Change of the age and performance of swimmers across World Championships and Olympic Games finals from 1992 to 2013 – a cross-sectional data analysis

Sex	Stroke	Distance	1994	1998	2001	2003	2005	2007	2009	2011	2013	r-value	Effect size
Women	Freestyle	50 m	25.32 ± 0.40	25.60 ± 0.31	25.09 ± 0.37	25.13 ± 0.32	25.05 ± 0.30	24.84 ± 0.24	24.07 ± 0.23	24.56 ± 0.24	24.48 ± 0.29	-0.86	12.28
		100 m	55.12 ± 0.73	55.57 ± 0.64	55.12 ± 0.41	54.76 ± 0.23	54.80 ± 0.30	54.05 ± 0.47	53.16 ± 0.56	53.77 ± 0.29	53.53 ± 0.69	-0.90	18.00
		200 m	119.26 ± 1.83	120.07 ± 0.70	119.14 ± 0.41	118.99 ± 0.53	119.18 ± 0.43	117.78 ± 1.97	115.80 ± 1.36	116.70 ± 0.88	116.43 ± 1.06	-0.88	14.66
		400 m	251.77 ± 1.67	249.88 ± 2.22	250.78 ± 2.47	249.59 ± 2.72	247.93 ± 1.22	245.69 ± 1.70	242.73 ± 2.64	245.41 ± 2.48	245.60 ± 2.17	-0.88	14.66
		800 m	514.70 ± 5.02	515.64 ± 6.42	513.93 ± 6.36	512.19 ± 8.04	512.05 ± 5.22	507.35 ± 6.06	501.25 ± 5.28	505.03 ± 5.51	503.29 ± 7.73	-0.92	23.00
		1500 m	-	-	979.34 ± 14.31	974.10 ± 8.43	974.07 ± 8.79	971.97 ± 17.20	959.95 ± 11.19	962.75 ± 7.63	954.73 ± 12.84	-0.95	38.00
	Breaststroke	100 m	70.04 ± 1.15	68.76 ± 0.26	68.65 ± 0.84	68.09 ± 0.83	67.72 ± 0.93	67.62 ± 1.16	66.05 ± 0.69	66.79 ± 0.91	66.11 ± 1.06	-0.95	38.00
	Breaststroke	200 m	149.00 ± 1.41	147.42 ± 1.71	145.91 ± 1.02	146.28 ± 2.02	147.10 ± 2.43	146.56 ± 2.20	142.58 ± 0.77	144.80 ± 1.97	142.57 ± 1.94	-0.85	11.33
	Backstroke	100 m	61.64 ± 0.77	61.96 ± 0.60	61.60 ± 0.76	61.16 ± 0.39	61.08 ± 0.49	60.71 ± 0.98	59.05 ± 0.62	59.43 ± 0.41	59.50 ± 0.61	-0.91	20.22
	Backstroke	200 m	131.94 ± 2.88	132.81 ± 1.21	131.42 ± 1.23	131.13 ± 1.77	131.16 ± 1.54	129.57 ± 1.64	126.98 ± 1.53	127.68 ± 1.39	128.34 ± 2.15	-0.90	18.00
	Butterfly	100 m	60.42 ± 0.84	59.32 ± 0.65	59.25 ± 0.58	58.81 ± 0.59	58.56 ± 0.82	58.13 ± 0.79	56.83 ± 0.52	57.41 ± 0.42	57.56 ± 0.64	-0.93	26.57
	Butterfly	200 m	131.74 ± 3.24	130.81 ± 2.24	129.06 ± 1.57	129.28 ± 1.79	129.12 ± 2.19	128.45 ± 2.41	124.75 ± 0.98	126.08 ± 0.42	126.30 ± 1.33	-0.91	20.22
	Medley	200 m	135.63 ± 1.61	134.84 ± 1.91	133.62 ± 1.27	133.93 ± 1.77	133.65 ± 1.97	133.19 ± 2.10	128.75 ± 1.67	130.73 ± 2.40	130.28 ± 1.30	-0.88	14.66
	Medley	400 m	284.17 ± 3.48	282.01 ± 4.19	281.91 ± 3.91	282.79 ± 4.04	281.68 ± 2.77	281.83 ± 4.32	274.20 ± 2.82	275.36 ± 2.22	274.04 ± 3.28	-0.87	13.38
Men	Freestyle	50 m	22.62 ± 0.25	22.54 ± 0.19	22.28 ± 0.14	22.29 ± 0.16	22.12 ± 0.26	22.05 ± 0.13	21.36 ± 0.16	21.92 ± 0.17	21.62 ± 0.19	-0.89	16.18
		100 m	49.79 ± 0.39	49.62 ± 0.44	48.96 ± 0.44	49.02 ± 0.42	48.72 ± 0.46	48.56 ± 0.14	47.40 ± 0.38	48.05 ± 0.21	48.05 ± 0.30	-0.90	18.0
		200 m	108.79 ± 0.77	109.39 ± 1.12	107.55 ± 1.88	107.87 ± 1.52	107.03 ± 1.23	106.99 ± 1.53	104.73 ± 1.53	105.63 ± 1.18	105.86 ± 0.90	-0.89	16.18
		400 m	229.96 ± 3.11	229.04 ± 2.21	227.20 ± 4.53	227.55 ± 2.87	226.80 ± 2.37	226.43 ± 1.61	223.75 ± 2.73	224.70 ± 1.65	226.24 ± 2.57	-0.85	11.33
		800 m	483.03 ± 7.51	482.94 ± 5.02	472.20 ± 8.18	475.49 ± 7.21	470.80 ± 7.70	471.36 ± 3.55	463.10 ± 6.48	465.86 ± 4.96	466.99 ± 4.42	-0.89	16.18
		1500 m	911.14 ± 13.18	909.55 ± 11.26	904.14 ± 13.64	904.83 ± 10.17	897.97 ± 12.25	895.01 ± 7.19	893.29 ± 13.28	894.98 ± 16.20	892.54 ± 9.69	-0.95	38.00
	Breaststroke	100 m	61.84 ± 0.41	62.16 ± 0.54	61.06 ± 0.68	60.79 ± 0.61	60.46 ± 0.74	60.73 ± 0.63	59.06 ± 0.33	59.84 ± 0.59	59.61 ± 0.48	-0.90	18.00
	Breaststroke	200 m	134.25 ± 0.99	134.36 ± 0.93	131.65 ± 0.89	131.89 ± 1.39	131.91 ± 0.99	131.31 ± 0.73	128.44 ± 0.95	129.94 ± 1.21	129.02 ± 0.88	-0.91	20.22
	Backstroke	100 m	55.73 ± 0.30	55.41 ± 0.38	55.14 ± 0.52	54.39 ± 0.57	54.40 ± 0.46	53.98 ± 0.70	52.79 ± 0.36	53.07 ± 0.25	53.47 ± 0.43	-0.93	26.57
	Backstroke	200 m	119.42 ± 1.05	119.91 ± 0.78	118.90 ± 1.01	117.85 ± 0.91	117.49 ± 1.50	117.12 ± 1.95	114.43 ± 1.59	116.01 ± 1.84	115.52 ± 1.49	-0.91	20.22
	Butterfly	100 m	53.96 ± 0.38	53.12 ± 0.48	52.62 ± 0.39	51.94 ± 0.71	52.32 ± 0.95	51.93 ± 0.75	50.75 ± 0.67	51.61 ± 0.55	51.49 ± 0.19	-0.87	13.38
	Butterfly	200 m	118.62 ± 1.21	118.23 ± 1.37	116.20 ± 1.28	116.54 ± 1.50	116.66 ± 0.94	115.51 ± 1.69	114.09 ± 1.34	114.81 ± 0.77	115.54 ± 0.72	-0.86	12.28
	Medley	200 m	122.20 ± 2.06	122.63 ± 1.54	121.26 ± 0.81	119.98 ± 1.79	119.63 ± 1.96	118.33 ± 2.03	116.52 ± 1.76	117.44 ± 2.18	117.28 ± 1.49	-0.95	38.00
	Medley	400 m	257.88 ± 3.82	258.53 ± 2.90	257.96 ± 3.10	255.95 ± 4.22	254.58 ± 3.33	252.77 ± 3.99	250.06 ± 2.83	253.74 ± 3.77	251.67 ± 3.02	-0.88	14.66

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