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Table 4 Age (yrs) of the finalists (mean ± SD) at the Olympic Games 1992–2012 with correlation coefficient and effect size

From: Change of the age and performance of swimmers across World Championships and Olympic Games finals from 1992 to 2013 – a cross-sectional data analysis

Sex

Stroke

Distance

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

r-value

Effect size

Women

Freestyle

50 m

21.3 ± 2.5

23.6 ± 3.6

26.1 ± 3.6

24.3 ± 4.9

25.5 ± 7.2

26.8 ± 5.1

0.84

10.5

 

100 m

20.1 ± 3.5

22.7 ± 3.7

25.7 ± 4.0

23.6 ± 4.0

24.1 ± 3.4

22.8 ± 3.5

0.45

1.63

 

200 m

18.8 ± 3.8

21.3 ± 3.8

23.6 ± 4.6

20.8 ± 3.9

21.0 ± 2.7

22.3 ± 2.8

0.46

1.70

 

400 m

20.6 ± 2.3

21.8 ± 5.0

21.0 ± 4.4

21.0 ± 1.3

21.0 ± 2.4

23.0 ± 2.7

0.56

2.54

 

800 m

20.0 ± 1.8

23.8 ± 3.9

19.3 ± 3.2

22.0 ± 4.0

19.5 ± 3.5

21.7 ± 3.4

-0.05

0.10

 

1500 m

-

-

-

-

-

-

  
 

Breaststroke

100 m

20.0 ± 3.9

21.2 ± 4.2

21.5 ± 5.8

22.8 ± 4.7

21.6 ± 3.3

21.8 ± 3.7

0.68

4.25

 

200 m

20.2 ± 4.5

19.6 ± 3.7

18.0 ± 2.7

22.1 ± 3.0

21.7 ± 2.9

23.1 ± 2.2

0.71

4.89

 

Backstroke

100 m

18.0 ± 2.3

20.0 ± 4.2

21.8 ± 4.5

22.5 ± 3.2

23.2 ± 2.8

21.5 ± 3.9

0.78

7.09

 

200 m

20.0 ± 2.4

22.5 ± 3.5

21.2 ± 3.0

21.1 ± 2.4

20.6 ± 4.1

21.7 ± 3.6

0.18

0.43

 

Butterfly

100 m

20.3 ± 3.2

20.5 ± 5.0

25.6 ± 4.7

24.2 ± 5.0

21.3 ± 2.4

22.8 ± 2.2

0.34

1.03

 

200 m

21.0 ± 4.4

20.2 ± 3.4

21.2 ± 4.5

23.7 ± 4.7

21.7 ± 3.8

22.0 ± 0.7

0.54

2.34

 

Medley

200 m

20.0 ± 1.8

22.7 ± 2.7

23.0 ± 3.1

21.0 ± 4.4

21.7 ± 2.4

23.0 ± 3.7

0.43

1.50

 

400 m

19.2 ± 1.4

21.0 ± 3.4

20.2 ± 3.2

20.1 ± 2.7

19.2 ± 3.3

20.8 ± 2.7

0.19

0.46

Men

Freestyle

50 m

24.8 ± 2.7

22.1 ± 1.9

25.0 ± 3.6

26.9 ± 3.6

25.0 ± 2.8

27.1 ± 3.6

0.65

3.71

 

100 m

24.1 ± 2.7

22.5 ± 2.8

25.3 ± 2.4

24.4 ± 2.8

25.9 ± 4.0

23.8 ± 2.7

0.35

1.07

 

200 m

21.5 ± 3.3

22.0 ± 3.3

22.6 ± 3.2

23.1 ± 2.5

22.2 ± 2.1

23.0 ± 2.8

0.75

6.00

 

400 m

22.1 ± 3.9

21.5 ± 3.8

19.8 ± 4.8

22.1 ± 2.4

22.9 ± 2.8

23.6 ± 4.3

0.58

2.76

 

800 m

22.1 ± 3.0

21.2 ± 2.4

21.5 ± 2.6

22.7 ± 3.2

22.5 ± 3.3

23.1 ± 3.1

0.73

5.40

 

1500 m

22.1 ± 2.9

21.3 ± 2.5

21.5 ± 2.7

22.8 ± 3.1

22.5 ± 3.2

23.2 ± 3.0

0.73

5.41

 

Breaststroke

100 m

22.5 ± 3.5

23.8 ± 2.4

20.6 ± 2.0

23.1 ± 1.4

26.2 ± 1.7

26.3 ± 3.3

0.70

4.66

 

200 m

22.3 ± 2.4

24.6 ± 3.0

23.0 ± 2.5

20.5 ± 2.6

23.6 ± 2.8

25.0 ± 2.9

0.25

0.66

 

Backstroke

100 m

23.2 ± 2.6

24.3 ± 2.2

22.8 ± 1.8

22.6 ± 3.9

23.5 ± 1.2

25.7 ± 2.7

0.44

1.57

 

200 m

21.6 ± 1.0

23.7 ± 2.0

23.5 ± 4.7

22.7 ± 2.0

24.7 ± 3.3

22.1 ± 3.1

0.22

0.56

 

Butterfly

100 m

24.0 ± 2.6

22.8 ± 2.6

21.0 ± 5.1

24.7 ± 3.9

24.1 ± 2.2

25.1 ± 2.9

0.47

1.77

 

200 m

21.2 ± 3.2

21.6 ± 1.8

23.1 ± 4.1

22.7 ± 4.4

23.6 ± 1.7

24.1 ± 3.4

0.95

38.0

 

Medley

200 m

21.6 ± 3.2

22.7 ± 1.0

25.8 ± 2.0

20.6 ± 2.0

23.5 ± 1.1

25.5 ± 3.7

0.42

1.44

 

400 m

23.3 ± 1.1

24.3 ± 2.4

21.2 ± 3.0

20.8 ± 1.9

23.4 ± 2.3

22.2 ± 4.4

-0.35

1.07