• | Arterial aneurysm [West & Todman 1991, Todo & Inoya 1991, McBeath & Nanda 2000, Gentile et al. 2006, Valença et al. 2007 case 1 and 2]* |
• | Arteriovenous malformation-/cavernous hemangioma [Mani & Deeter 1982, Munoz et al. 1996 case 1 and 2, Favier et al. 2007a case 3, Sewell et al. 2009 |
• | Subclavian steal syndrome [Piovesan et al. 2001 |
• | Carotid artery thrombosis [Ashkenazi & Brown 2008 |
• | Cerebral venous thrombosis [Park et al. 2006, Peterlin et al. 2006, Georgiadis et al. 2007, RodrÃguez et al. 2008 |
• | Carotid-/vertebral dissection [Mainardi et al. 2002, Frigerio et al. 2003, Hannerz et al. 2005, Razvi et al. 2006, Rigamonti et al. 2007 case 1 and 2, Hardmeier et al. 2007, Straube et al. 2007 case 2, Godeiro-Junior et al. 2008, Tobin & Flitman 2008, Kim et al. 2008 |
• | Pituitary tumours [Tfelt-Hansen et al. 1982, Greve & Mai 1988 case 3, Milos et al. 1996, Porta-Etessam et al. 2001, Minguzzi et al. 2003, Negoro et al. 2005, Favier et al. 2007a case 2 and 4, Levy et al. 2012, Edvardsson 2013 |
• | Meningeoma [Kuritzky 1984, Hannerz 1989, Taub et al. 1995, Alty et al. 2008, Robbins et al. 2009 |
• | Glioblastoma multiforme [Edvardsson & Persson 2012 |
• | Hemangiopericytoma [Fontaine et al. 2013 |
• | Nasopharynx carcinoma [Appelbaum & Noronha 1989 |
• | Angiomyolipoma [Messina et al. 2013 |
• | Epidermoid tumour [Levyman et al. 1991, Massie et al. 2006, Eimil-Ortiz et al. 2008 |
• | Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour [Bigal et al. 2003 |
• | Lipoma [Cologno et al. 2008 |
• | Arachnoid cyst [Edvardsson & Persson 2013a |
• | Sinusitis [Takeshima et al. 1988, Edvardsson & Persson 2013b |
• | Aspergilloma [Zanchin et al. 1995 |
• | Granolomatous pituitary involvement [Favier et al. 2007b |
• | Orbital pseudotumour [Harley & Ahmed 2008 |
• | Cervical spinal epidural abscess [Liu & Su 2009 |
• | Multiple sclerosis [Gentile et al. 2007 |
• | Foreign body in the maxillary sinus [Scorticati et al. 2002 |
• | Cervical syringomyelia and Arnold -Chiari malformation [Seijo-Martinez et al. 2004 |
• | Sarcoidosis [van der Vlist et al. 2013 |