Gastrointestinal comorbidities associated with atrial fibrillation

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Table 3 Prevalence and cumulative incidence of GI events

Variable	All patients with AF (N = 557,123)		AF patients without history of GI at baseline (N = 413,168)
	Number of GI cases^a	Prevalence of GI (per 100 persons) [95% CI^b]	Number of incident GI cases^c	Cumulative incidence (per 100 persons) [95% CI^b]
Any GI event	308,823	55.4 [55.3,55.6]	164,868	39.9 [39.8,40.1]
GI events based on the RE-LY study classification^d	215,942	38.8 [38.6,38.9]	108564	26.3 [26.1,26.4]
Dyspepsia^e	164,892	29.6 [29.5,29.7]	79,069	19.1 [19.0,19.3]
Gastrointestinal bleeding	52,979	9.5 [9.4,9.6]	26,067	6.3 [6.2,6.4]
Vomiting	46,866	8.4 [8.3,8.5]	20,297	4.9 [4.8,5.0]
Diarrhea	43,628	7.8 [7.8,7.9]	19,928	4.8 [4.8,4.9]
Other GI events
Diverticula of intestine	62,638	11.2 [11.2,11.3]	30,983	7.5 [7.4,7.6]
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	63,159	11.3 [11.3,11.4]	28,938	7.0 [6.9,7.1]
Other disorders of intestine	49,736	8.9 [8.9,9.0]	23,435	5.7 [5.6,5.7]
Dysphagia	46,506	8.3 [8.3,8.4]	22,071	5.3 [5.3,5.4]
Gastritis and duodenitis	46,974	8.4 [8.4,8.5]	21,422	5.2 [5.1,5.3]
Constipation	35,832	6.4 [6.4,6.5]	16,729	4.0 [4.0,4.1]
Noninfectious gastroenteritis and colitis	29,602	5.3 [5.3,5.4]	12,837	3.1 [3.1,3.2]
Esophagitis	28,092	5.0 [5.0,5.1]	11,968	2.9 [2.8,2.9]
Nausea Alone	22,673	4.1 [4.0,4.1]	9,962	2.4 [2.4,2.5]
Malignant neoplasm of digestive organs and peritoneum	18,107	3.3 [3.2,3.3]	5,534	1.3 [1.3,1.4]
Flatulence, eructation and gas pain	17,263	3.1 [3.1,3.1]	7,209	1.7 [1.7,1.8]
Peptic ulcer diseases	13,914	2.5 [2.5,2.5]	6,311	1.5 [1.5,1.6]
Any GI-related hospitalization	121,189	21.8 [21.6,21.9]	55,744	13.5 [13.4,13.6]

AF atrial fibrillation, GI gastrointestinal.
^aIncluding GI events observed during the 180-day baseline or study follow-up period.
^bThe 95% confidence intervals of GI events were computed using the binomial distribution.
^cIncluding GI events observed only during the study follow-up period (i.e., patients with history of GI at baseline were excluded).
^dIncluding dyspepsia, diarrhea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal bleeding.
^eDefined as abdominal pain upper, abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, and dyspepsia.