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Table 5 Hypotheses assessment summary

From: Are parents really attached to their adopted children?

Hypotheses

Pakistan

China

United States

United Kingdom

 

Comparisons for Means for Non working parents VS Working parents with (2-tailed significance/ p-value) & empirical conclusion

H1: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is more in non-working parents than the working parents.

0.31 > 0.15 (0.000) Accepted

0.20 > 0.11 (0.000) Accepted

0.13 > 0.07 (0.000) Accepted

0.17 > 0.06 (0.000) Accepted

H2: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of avoidant attachment is more in non-working parents than the working parents.

0.05 < 0.30 (0.000) Rejected

0.05 < 0.21 (0.000) Rejected

0.08 < 0.20 (0.000) Rejected

0.09 < 0.15 (0.000) Rejected

H3: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of ambivalent attachment is more in non-working parents than the working parents.

0.08 < 0.21 (0.000) Rejected

0.06 < 0.19 (0.000) Rejected

0.10 < 0.24 (0.000) Rejected

0.11 < 0.20 (0.000) Rejected

H4: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of disorganized attachment is more in non-working parents than the working parents.

0.09 < 0.11 (0.000) Rejected

0.03 < 0.15 (0.000) Rejected

0.05 < 0.13 (0.000) Rejected

0.04 < 0.18 (0.000) Rejected

 

Comparisons for Means for Female parents VS Male parents with (2-tailed significance/ p-value) & empirical conclusion

H5: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is more in female parents than the male parents.

0.21 > 0.12 (0.000) Accepted

0.14 > 0.06 (0.000) Accepted

0.10 > 0.09 (0.000) Accepted

0.15 > 0.05 (0.000) Accepted

H6: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of avoidant attachment is more in female parents than the male parents.

0.13 < 0.14 (0.079) Rejected

0.07 < 0.18 (0.000) Rejected

0.04 < 0.23 (0.000) Rejected

0.12 < 0.14 (0.056) Rejected

H7: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of ambivalent attachment is more in female parents than the male parents.

0.15 < 0.17 (0.103) Rejected

0.08 < 0.16 (0.000) Rejected

0.11 < 0.20 (0.000) Rejected

0.12 < 0.16 (0.049) Rejected

H8: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of disorganized attachment is more in female parents than the male parents.

0.02 < 0.06 (0.000) Rejected

0.17 > 0.14 (0.047) Rejected

0.11 < 0.12 (0.105) Rejected

0.08 < 0.19 (0.000) Rejected

 

Comparisons for Means for Younger children VS Elder children with (2-tailed significance/p-value) & empirical conclusion

H9: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is more in younger children than the elder children.

0.21 > 0.16 (0.000) Accepted

0.19 > 0.14 (0.000) Accepted

0.10 > 0.01 (0.000) Accepted

0.09 < 0.06 (0.000) Accepted

H10: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of avoidant attachment is more in younger children than the elder children.

0.10 < 0.12 (0.061) Rejected

0.10 < 0.17 (0.000) Rejected

0.15 < 0.18 (0.030) Rejected

0.11 < 0.17 (0.000) Rejected

H11: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of ambivalent attachment is more in younger children than the elder children.

0.11 < 0.13 (0.070) Rejected

0.09 < 0.14 (0.000) Rejected

0.14 > 0.13 (0.155) Rejected

0.10 < 0.18 (0.000) Rejected

H12: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of disorganized attachment is younger children than the elder children.

0.04 < 0.05 (0.180) Rejected

0.06 < 0.11 (0.000) Rejected

0.13 < 0.15 (0.101) Rejected

0.11 < 0.18 (0.000) Rejected

 

Comparisons for Means for Female children VS Male children. with (2-tailed significance/ p-value) & empirical conclusion

H13: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is more in female children than the male children.

0.22 > 0.15 (0.000) Accepted

0.17 > 0.12 (0.000) Accepted

0.06 > 0.03 (0.030) Accepted

0.09 > 0.05 (0.027) Accepted

H14: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of avoidant attachment is more in female children than the male children.

0.09 < 0.14 (0.170) Rejected

0.11 < 0.19 (0.000) Rejected

0.19 < 0.21 (0.020) Rejected

0.14 < 0.16 (0.003) Rejected

H15: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of ambivalent attachment is more in female children than the male children.

0.10 < 0.12 (0.160) Rejected

0.07 < 0.13 (0.000) Rejected

0.14 < 0.16 (0.001) Rejected

0.13 < 0.15 (0.010) Rejected

H16: The parents and adopted children relationship in terms of disorganized attachment is more female children than the male children.

0.11 > 0.07 (0.002) Accepted

0.09 < 0.12 (0.050) Rejected

0.11 > 0.10 (0.090) Accepted

0.13 < 0.15 (0.090) Rejected