Table 9 Proposed teaching methods in the matrix framework of learning approaches
From: Assessing students approaches to learning using a matrix framework in a Malaysian public university
Surface Motive (SM) | Deep Motive (DM) | Achieving Motive (AM) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Surface Strategy (SS) | Surface Approach (SA) | Discouragement Approach (DCA) | Avoid Failure Approach (AFA) |
Extrinsic Motivation. | Sufficient study period | Mastery learning | |
Warm classroom climate. | Discussion and inductive teaching | Some techniques | |
Involvement of tasks | |||
Deep Strategy (DS) | Encouragement Approach (ECA) | Deep Approach (DA) | Achieve Success Approach (ASA) |
Ownership of task | Metacognitive learning | Increasing the task difficulties | |
Metacognitive learning | |||
Achieving Strategy (AS) | Fear of Failure Approach (FFA) | Hardworking Approach (HWA) | Achieving Approach (AA) |
Ownership of task | Metacognitive learning | Metacognitive learning | |
Expectation of success/failure | |||
Organized, well structured |