Figure 3

Map of discovered spawning areas of tropical anguillid eels. A spawning area of Anguilla bicolor bicolor locates near the Mentawai Trench off Sumatra Island of Indonesia (A. bic). The spawning areas of A. celebesensis (A. c-1) and A. borneensis (A. b) found in the Celebes Sea off North Sulawesi Island of Indonesia (Jespesen 1942; Aoyama et al. 2003). Another spawning area of A. celebesensis was further found in Tomini Bay off Central Sulawesi Island of Indonesia, central Sulawesi of Indonesia (A. c-2, Aoyama et al. 2003, Arai 2014b). The location of the spawning area of A. marmorata is in the western North Pacific (A. m, Arai et al. 2002; Tsukamoto et al. 2011) where is the spawning ground of the Japanese eel A. japonica (A. j, Tsukamoto et al. 2011). The oceanic currents from the spawning ground to growth habitats in A. marmorata are illustrated. A red spot indicates the study site of the tropical glass eel recruitments in the Poigar River estuary, north Sulawesi Island of Indonesia from 1997 to 1999 (Arai et al. 1999; Sugeha et al. (2001).