Field models and numerical dosimetry inside an extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic bioreactor: the theoretical link between the electromagnetically induced mechanical forces and the biological mechanisms of the cell tensegrity

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Table 5 Magnetic, induced electric, and induced mechanical parameters at the side surface of a cylindrical culture well according to the Faraday-Neumann-Lenz and Lorentz laws (z = 4.5 cm)

	t = 0.64 ms	Left neighborhood of t = 1.36 ms	Right neighborhood of t = 1.36 ms
B _z [mT]	2.0	3.1	3.1
B _x [mT]	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible
B _y [mT]	Negligible	Negligible	Negligible
\|dB/dt\| [T/s]	2.2	1.0	2.6
\|J\|, induced current density [mA/m ² ]	15.2	6.9	17.9
\|F\|, induced force [pN]	2.7 (maximum compression)	1.9 (compression)	4.9 (maximum traction)

Table note: |J| = ½σr|dB/dt|, |F| = ½πhr²B_z|J| (physiological saline solution with electrical conductivity σ = 1.84 S/m and with height h = 1 mm; culture well radius r = 7.5 mm).