Sex differences in cardiovascular function during submaximal exercise in humans

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Table 1 Participant characteristics

	All	Male	Female	p-value
Number	64	31	33
Age	29.0 ± 0.7	29.6 ± 1.0	28.4 ± 1.1	0.44
Height (m)	1.7 ± 0.0	1.8 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 0.0	<0.001
Weight (kg)	73.0 ± 1.7	82.3 ± 1.8	64.2 ± 1.8	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	24.1 ± 0.4	25.4 ± 0.6	22.8 ± 0.5	0.002
BSA (m²)	1.9 ± 0.0	2.0 ± 0.0	1.7 ± 0.0	<0.001
VO₂max (mL/min/Kg)	35.0 ± 0.9	39.0 ± 1.3	31.2 ± 1.0	<0.001
VO₂max (% pred.)	96.1 ± 15.7	95.4 ± 15.5	96.8 ± 16.2	0.73
Peak workload (W)	220.0 ± 7.4	252.1 ± 10.0	189.8 ± 8.1	<0.001

BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; VO₂max, maximal oxygen uptake. Data are presented as mean ± SD. P-value = Students T-test male vs. female.