Table 1 Independent variables used in the generalized linear mixed effect models for identifying limiting factors of spider density and species richness in winter-flooded (WF) paddies

Habitat complexity

Mean rice height (cm)

67.34

59.67-77.83

0.903

Monochoria vaginalis (no.individuals/3 m²)

67.42

0-393

0.794

Prey availability (mg/20 sweeps with an insect net)

Chironomid

130.68

14.23-975.86

0.837

Other nematocera

32.07

6.58-100.54

0.913

S. rubrovittatus

7.08

0-65.37

0.746

Brachycera

5.23

0.38-29.90

0.831

Hopper

3.98

0.79-10.17

0.823