Approaches for the design of reduced toxicant emission cigarettes

Dittrich, David J; Fieblekorn, Richard T; Bevan, Michael J; Rushforth, David; Murphy, James J; Ashley, Madeleine; McAdam, Kevin G; Liu, Chuan; Proctor, Christopher J

doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-374

SpringerPlus

Table 2 Effect of split-tipping ventilation on mainstream smoke yields of toxicants

From: Approaches for the design of reduced toxicant emission cigarettes

Smoke constituent	ISO smoking regime								60/2/30 VO smoking regime
	1 mg ISO tar		4 mg ISO tar		7 mg ISO tar		10 mg ISO tar		1 mg ISO tar		4 mg ISO tar		7 mg ISO tar		10 mg ISO tar
	Control	Split	Control	Split	Control	Split	Control	Split	Control	Split	Control	Split	Control	Split	Control	Split
1-Aminonaphthalene (ng/cig)	2.3	1.6	5.1	5	8.3	8.3	9.7	10.8	9.8	7.4	15	17	20.2	21.4	24.2	22.3
2-Aminonaphthalene (ng/cig)	2	1.4	5	4.4	8.5^ǂ	7.6^ǂ	10.2	10.6	9.4^ǂ	6.8^ǂ	14.4	14.3	18.8	21.5	22	21.7
3-Aminobiphenyl (ng/cig)	0.5^ǂ	0.3^ǂ	1.3	1.1	2.2^ǂ	1.9^ǂ	2.8	2.7	2.2	1.8	3.5	3.4	4.9	5.2	5.6	6.2
4-Aminobiphenyl (ng/cig)	0.3	0.2	0.8	0.8	1.4	1.4	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.4	2.5	2.4	3.4	3.7	3.9	4.1
Ammonia (μg/cig)	1	<RL	3.3	4	6.1^ǂ	6.9^ǂ	9.4	10.1	4.6^ǂ	3.3^ǂ	9.5^ǂ	7.5^ǂ	13	11.4	16	15.3
Benzo(a)pyrene (ng/cig)	2.2	1.4	6.8^ǂ	4.2^ǂ	7.8	7.7	10.4	9.2	6.2^ǂ	4.8^ǂ	10.3	10.4	16.6	17	19.3	18.3
Acetaldehyde (μg/cig)	78	54.8	215.3	170.4	352.3	314.7	496.6	455.1	402.2^ǂ	249.6^ǂ	720.4^ǂ	553.1^ǂ	905	798	1037.2	896.2
Acetone (μg/cig)	44.9	32.4	121.5	97.8	201.2	183.2	273.5^ǂ	252.1^ǂ	242^ǂ	152^ǂ	410.6^ǂ	317.8^ǂ	507.9	446.3	570.2	494.1
Acrolein (μg/cig)	5.8	3.8	19.6	14.9	35.9	30.1	52.2	47.8	40.6^ǂ	21.9^ǂ	86^ǂ	61.2^ǂ	110.7	94.4	132.1	111.1
Butyraldehyde (μg/cig)	6.7	5.3	15.7	13	25.4	23.2	35.5	32.3	34	22.9	57.2	44.3	72.6	64.1	83.1	71.9
Crotonaldehyde (μg/cig)	1.3	0.8	4.7	3.3	10.2	7.6	17	14.1	15.1	9.1	27.7	19.7	36.5	31.8	44.7	37.8
Formaldehyde (μg/cig)	1.3	0.9	5.9	4.9	13.5	11.9	24.7	22.9	9.3	6	23.7^ǂ	16.1^ǂ	41.4	34.3	64.8	50.7
Methyl ethyl ketone (μg/cig)	10.8	7.9	29	23.2	50.9	45.5	70.1	64.9	68.8	42.1	108.9	86.7	140.4	125.4	153.9	138.1
Propionaldehyde (μg/cig)	7.9	5.7	20.9	16.9	34.3	31.1	47.2	43.7	39.2^ǂ	24.8^ǂ	68.2^ǂ	54.2^ǂ	86.8	78.1	98.7	87.4
Hydrogen cyanide (μg/cig)	8	6	33.9^ǂ	23.1^ǂ	62.2	51.2	95.2	80.5	100.1^ǂ	49.6^ǂ	233.1^ǂ	141.3^ǂ	291.2	230.7	369.1	288.2
CO (mg/cig)	1.2	1	4.4^ǂ	3.4^ǂ	6.6	6.2	9.7^ǂ	8.7^ǂ	8.7^ǂ	5.2^ǂ	15.6^ǂ	12.3^ǂ	18.2	17	23^ǂ	20.5^ǂ
NO (μg/cig)	43.4^ǂ	70.7^ǂ	97.1^ǂ	84.5^ǂ	137	129.6	175.6	167.4	185.7^ǂ	142.9^ǂ	297.5	252.5	347.9	329	371.6	383.5
Catechol (μg/cig)	7.7	6.1	23.9	23.8	38.3	38.1	50.4	48.7	39.2	37.4	71.6	70.5	106.3	105.8	129	129.8
Hydroquinone (μg/cig)	6.7^ǂ	4.9^ǂ	24.3	23.2	39.9	39.3	50.1	48.6	40.9	36.3	73.9	71.7	112.1	104	133.6	127.7
M-cresol (μg/cig)	<RL	<RL	1.2	1.3	2.3	2.5	3.3	3.5	2.2	2.4	4	4.8	5.3	6.4	5.8	7.2
O-cresol (μg/cig)	<RL	<RL	1.4	1.6	2.9	3.1	4.2	4.5	2.5	2.9	4.9	6	6.6	8.2	7	9.1
P-cresol (μg/cig)	0.5	0.5	2.9	3.2	5.7	6.1	8.5	8.7	5.4	5.7	10.4	12.4	13.8	17	15.2	18.7
Phenol (μg/cig)	<RL	<RL	4.4	5.2	9.7	10.7	15.2	16.1	8.4	10.2	17.5	22.6	23.4	29.7	25.1	33.3
Resorcinol (μg/cig)	<RL	<RL	0.6	0.5	0.9	0.8	1.2	1.1	0.9	0.8	1.5	1.5	2.4	2.3	3	2.8
Pyridine (μg/cig)	<RL	<RL	2.1^ǂ	1.5^ǂ	5	4	8	6.4	4.2^ǂ	2.1^ǂ	11.9^ǂ	8.4^ǂ	19.2^ǂ	16.3^ǂ	26.8	24.1
Quinoline (μg/cig)	<RL	<RL	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.4	0.3^ǂ	0.2^ǂ	0.5	0.4	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.7
Styrene (μg/cig)	1	<RL	3.1^ǂ	1.7^ǂ	5.9	4	8.4	6.4	7^ǂ	3^ǂ	14.3^ǂ	9.4^ǂ	18^ǂ	15.1^ǂ	21.3	19.8
N-Nitrosoanabasine (NAB) (ng/cig)	1.6	1.3	4.4	4.6	5.8	5.9	7.8	8.3	6.1	5.3	12.3	10.7	13.3	14.2	16.7	16
N-Nitrosoanatabine (NAT) (ng/cig)	13.9	10.8	36.3	36.3	48.6	51.1	68.9	71.1	51	43.8	98.1	86.9	119.6	120.8	153.6	144.5
N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) (ng/cig)	18.3	14.8	49.7	46.3	61.7	64.6	90.6	99	70.3	59.3	139.3^ǂ	112.3^ǂ	155.2	158.1	195.5	184.9
N-Nitrosonornicotine ketone (NNK) (ng/cig)	7.3	5.7	19.4	18.5	27.4	30.1	40.2	50.2	25.8	18.6	49.2	42	67.5	70.4	80.5	78.9
1,3-Butadiene (μg/cig)	6.7^ǂ	4.6^ǂ	22^ǂ	17^ǂ	32	28.2	42.6	39	40.4^ǂ	11.3^ǂ	67.6	57.1	82	78.3	96.6	92
Acrylonitrile (μg/cig)	1.1	0.7	4.6^ǂ	3.1^ǂ	7.7	6.1	11.2	9.4	10.5^ǂ	2.4^ǂ	18^ǂ	13.8^ǂ	24.1^ǂ	21.1^ǂ	28.5	25.7
Benzene (μg/cig)	8^ǂ	5.7^ǂ	25.4^ǂ	19.3^ǂ	37	33.3	47.8	42.5	45.5^ǂ	13.8^ǂ	73.6	60.2	87	83.6	100	92.5
Isoprene (μg/cig)	69.6	53.9	201^ǂ	158.9^ǂ	299	259.1	388.3	357.2	369.2^ǂ	114.9^ǂ	579.4	509.3	718.7	698.4	836.6	811
Toluene (μg/cig)	11.6^ǂ	6.7^ǂ	41.3^ǂ	28.3^ǂ	63.9^ǂ	52.8^ǂ	83.4^ǂ	68.2^ǂ	86.6^ǂ	21.9^ǂ	124.8	103.3	152.9	150	170.9	166.9
Arsenic (ng/cig)	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	BDL	BDL	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ
Cadmium (ng/cig)	NQ	NQ	6.5	5	11.3	10.1	20.6^ǂ	15.5^ǂ	12.2^ǂ	6.4^ǂ	30.1	23.3	39.2	33.9	51.8	48
Chromium (ng/cig)	BDL	BDL	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	BDL	BDL	NQ	BDL	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ
Mercury (ng/cig)	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	1.7	1.5	2.2	2	NQ	NQ	4.3	3.9	4.5	4.2	4.8	4.8
Nickel (ng/cig)	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL
Lead (ng/cig)	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	BDL	BDL	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ	NQ
Selenium (ng/cig)	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL	BDL
Tar	0.6	0.5	3.4	3	6.4	6.3	9.8	9.2	5.6 ^ǂ	3.8 ^ǂ	12.6	11.3	18.4	18.5	25.4	23.5
Nicotine	< 0.1	< 0.1	0.32	0.3	0.58	0.55	0.79	0.78	0.51 ^ǂ	0.36 ^ǂ	1.07	0.99	1.46	1.46	1.84	1.77

^ǂIndicates that the difference in yield between the split-tipping and control products was significant at a 95% confidence level.

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