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Table 5 Multivariate analyses of all cause, in-hospital mortality of COPD patients (N = 55,967)

From: Predictors for mortality in hospitalized patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Characteristic

Elixhauser model*

DCI model**

Adjusted OR

95% Confidence interval

Trend p-value

R-square

Adjusted OR

95% Confidence interval

Trend-p-value

R-square

Age (increase by 1 year)

1.06

1.05-1.07

<0.001

0.0060

1.06

1.05-1.07

<0.001

0.0060

Gender

Male

-

-

-

 

1.0

-

0.029

<0.0001

Female

-

-

0.88

0.78-0.98

Race/ethnicity

Caucasian

1.0

-

0.005

0.0002

1.0

-

0.003

0.0004

African American

0.79

0.63-0.98

0.78

0.62-0.97

Hispanic

0.43

0.25-0.75

0.41

0.23-0.71

American Indian

0.35

0.09-1.43

0.34

0.08-1.38

Asian

1.29

0.77-2.16

1.27

0.76-2.12

Other race

0.91

0.77-1.08

0.91

0.77-1.08

Insurance type

Medicare

1.0

-

<0.001

0.0031

1.0

-

<0.001

0.0031

Medicaid

1.12

0.81-1.55

1.11

0.80-1.54

Managed care

1.13

0.88-1.44

1.15

0.90-1.47

Commercial

2.46

1.89-3.20

2.48

1.91-3.23

Other

5.82

4.53-7.49

5.99

4.66-7.70

Uninsured

1.41

0.87-2.24

1.56

0.99-2.48

Admission type

Emergency

1.0

-

<0.001

0.0009

1.0

-

<0.001

0.0010

Urgent

1.13

0.96-1.32

1.15

0.99-1.35

Elective

1.86

1.57-2.19

1.95

1.65-2.30

Trauma

1.70

0.74-3.92

1.76

0.76-4.05

ICU admission

8.08

7.09-9.20

<0.001

0.0204

7.95

6.99-9.05

<0.001

0.0204

LOS (increase by 1 day)

1.06

1.05-1.07

<0.001

0.0027

1.06

1.05-1.07

<0.001

0.0027

Number of discharges

1.33

1.24-1.42

<0.001

0.0009

1.32

1.23-1.41

<0.001

0.0010

Therapies

β-blockers

0.76

0.67-0.86

0.011

0.0003

0.68

0.60-0.95

<0.001

0.0006

Corticosteroids

0.82

0.70-0.95

<0.001

0.0001

0.82

0.70-0.95

0.010

0.0001

Antibiotics

0.54

0.46-0.63

<0.001

0.0013

0.55

0.47-0.65

<0.001

0.0012

DCI score

0

-

-

-

 

1.0

-

<0.001

0.0010

1

-

-

1.35

1.16-1.58

2

-

-

1.46

1.22-1.74

3

-

-

1.54

1.25-1.90

4+

-

-

2.18

1.80-2.64

Elixhauser comorbidity

Hypothyroidism

0.73

0.61-0.88

0.001

0.0002

-

-

-

 

Renal failure

5.12

2.29-11.43

<0.001

0.0003

-

-

-

 

Metastatic cancer

3.07

2.28-4.13

<0.001

0.0009

-

-

-

 

Solid tumor w/out metastasis

1.72

1.33-2.24

<0.001

0.0003

-

-

-

 

Weight loss

2.62

2.10-3.26

<0.001

0.0013

-

-

-

 

Depression

0.78

0.62-0.98

0.034

0.0001

-

-

-

 
  1. *ORs are adjusted for all variables in the table except for DCI scores. The p value for good of fitness Hosmer-Lemeshow test is 0.142, and R-squared value is 0.039.
  2. **ORs are adjusted for all variables in the table except for Elixhauser comorbidities. The p value for good of fitness Hosmer–Lemeshow test is 0.23, and R-squared value is 0.037.
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