Table 1 Clinical presentation
Nref | Age (yrs) | M/F | PD SLE | SLE symptoms and signs | Associed symptoms and signs | LNE | HMG | SMG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 (Sarkar et al.2009) | 45 | M | - | Pleural effusion | Fever, melena, epistaxis | - | - | - |
2 (Sacre et al.2009) | 44 | F | + | Diffuse alopecia, arthritis | - | |||
3 (Pillai et al.2009) | 40 | F | - | Proteinuria, pleural and pericardial effusion, ascites | Fever | - | + | - |
4 (Aziz et al.2004) | 22 | F | - | Membranous nephropathy | Fever, epistaxis | + | + | + |
5 (Kiss et al.2000) | 18 | F | + | Alopecia, facial erythema, arthritis | Fever, weight loss, myositis | - | - | |
6 (Durupt et al.2000) | 29 | F | + | Polyarthritis, mesangial glomerulonephritis | Fever, hematuria | - | - | - |
7 (Vora et al.1998) | 22 | F | + | Membranous nephropathy, seizures | Severe recurrent posterior scleritis | + | ||
54 | F | - | Arthralgias, pleural effusion | Fever, weight loss, abdominal pain | + | + | + | |
9 (Agarwal et al.1995) | 12 | F | + | NS | Fever, petechias | - | - | - |
10 (Ramakrishna et al.1995) | 18 | F | - | Alopecia, arthralgias, Evans’ syndrome | Fever, weight loss, menorrhagia, headaches | - | - | - |
11 (Paquette et al.1994) | 68 | M | - | Pleural effusion, oral ulcers | - | |||
12 (Paquette et al.1994) | 27 | F | - | NS | Epistaxis, hematuria, gingival bleeding, petechias | + | + | |
13 (Paquette et al.1994) | 23 | F | + | Photosensitivity, alopecia, malar rash, pharyngeal ulcerations, arthritis, oral ulcers | Gingival bleeding, retinal lesion | + | + | |
14 (Paquette et al.1994) | 56 | F | + | Alopecia, arthritis | Cutaneous vasculitis | - | ||
15 (Paquette et al.1994) | 18 | F | - | NS | Fever, menorrhagia, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, petechias | + | + | + |
16 (Paquette et al.1994) | 70 | F | - | Arthritis, pleural effusion | Fever, weight loss, hematemesis | - | ||
17 (Paquette et al.1994) | 62 | F | - | Psychosis | Fever, weight loss, panniculitis | + | + | |
18 (Paquette et al.1994) | 69 | F | + | Arthritis, immune thrombocytopenia | Petechias | + | S | |
19 (Hirose et al.1993) | 54 | F | + | Oral ulcers, polyarthralgias | Fever, weight loss | |||
20 (Borba et al.1993) | 39 | F | + | Malar rash, photosentivity, alopecia, Raynaud’s, arthritis, pericarditis, pleural effusion | Fever | |||
21 (Foley-Nolan et al.1992) | 20 | F | - | Arthralgias | - | |||
22 (Inoue et al.1992) | 24 | F | - | Proteinuria | Fever, purpura | - | - | - |
23 (Matsouka et al.1989) | 60 | F | - | Proteinuria, immune thrombocytopenia | Fever, weight loss, petechias and ecchymoses | + | S | |
24 (el Mouzan et al.1988) | 13 | F | - | Arthritis | Fever, anorexia, petechias and ecchymoses | + | + | + |
25 (Kaelin and Spivak1986) | 27 | F | + | Hyperpigmented skin rash, polyarthralgias | Ecchymoses, epistaxis, melena, gingival bleeding, purpura | - | - | - |
26 (Nanji and Jetha1984) | 28 | M | + | Erythematous macular lesions, arthritis, deterioration in renal function, pleural and pericardial effusion, ascites | Fever | + | + | |
27 (Daly and Scott1983) | 16 | F | - | Alopecia, arthritis | Weight loss, subcutaneous nodules in hands, retinal exudates, epistaxis, gingival bleeding, purpura and ecchymoses | + | + | + |
Present | 29 | F | + | Photosensitivity, polyarthralgias and Raynaud’s phenomenon | Fever, edema | - | - | + |