Habitual exercise plus dietary supplementation with milk fat globule membrane improves muscle function deficits via neuromuscular development in senescence-accelerated mice

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Table 2 Blood and plasma analysis

	ICR	Control	MFGM	MFGMEx	GTE	GTEEx
	ICR	SAMP1
Blood component
WBC, 10²/μL	46.4 ± 13.6	38.7 ± 8.1	34.4 ± 4.7	28.5 ± 4.6	41.3 ± 13.7	32.8 ± 9.3
RBC, 10⁴/μL	844.4 ± 19.8^*	730.1 ± 21.7^††	771.6 ± 16.7	779.5 ± 19.7	675.0 ± 27.9	696.2 ± 55.6
Haemoglobin, mg/dL	13.8 ± 0.2^*	12.3 ± 0.3^††	12.7 ± 0.2	13.5 ± 0.3^*	11.5 ± 0.4	12.3 ± 0.2
Haematocrit,%	43.2 ± 0.8^*	37.0 ± 1.0^‡	38.8 ± 0.8	40.3 ± 1.1^*	35.1 ± 1.1	36.4 ± 2.1
Platelet, 10⁴/μL	93.0 ± 6.4	73.9 ± 2.8^†	76.6 ± 3.4	72.8 ± 9.0	93.2 ± 11.2	72.6 ± 4.5
Plasma component
Glucose, mg/dL	210.8 ± 18.5	230.8 ± 17.1	217.2 ± 5.7	207.7 ± 12.1	219.9 ± 26.7	241.2 ± 19.2
Lactate, mg/dL	55.0 ± 5.1	63.5 ± 4.0	56.2 ± 4.3	66.1 ± 7.6	68.0 ± 10.3	66.1 ± 11.3
LDH, IU/L	287.4 ± 34.8^*	150.6 ± 13.7^††	158. 7 ± 7.8	150.3 ± 11.8	171.3 ± 19.3	148.2 ± 9.2
AST, IU/L	48.5 ± 5.3^*	28.4 ± 1.3^††	28.9 ± 1.9	28.1 ± 2.7	37.3 ± 3.0	33.8 ± 2.0
ALT, IU/L	15.7 ± 0.8	16.8 ± 2.8	18.6 ± 1.8	19.2 ± 4.3	14.2 ± 2.1	16.1 ± 2.4
Total Chol, mg/dL	163.2 ± 20.9	170.7 ± 6.8	189.1 ± 13.5	188.9 ± 11.0	159.1 ± 13.9	160.2 ± 11.8
TG, mg/dL	55.8 ± 8.7	88.5 ± 7.4^†	104.7 ± 19.4	114.4 ± 24.0	82.6 ± 11.7	90.1 ± 14.6
Ketone body, mg/dL	163.1 ± 41.0	248.8 ± 30.0	219.8 ± 45.5	242.6 ± 55.8	310.6 ± 79.7	329.4 ± 86.5
NEFA, mEq/L	0.9 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.1
Adiponectin, pg/mL	3.5 ± 0.2^*	2.0 ± 0.1^‡‡	2.0 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.1	2.0 ± 0.2	2.1 ± 0.1
IGF-1, ng/mL	596.3 ± 53.7^*	474.2 ± 14.1	501.6 ± 10.4	549.2 ± 26.9	438.6 ± 24.8	426.8 ± 25.9

Values are means ± S.E. of 7 or 8 mice.
^†P < 0.05, ^††P < 0.01, ^‡‡P < 0.0001, significant difference between ICR group and control SAMP1 group at the age of 43 wk by unpaired t-test.
^*P < 0.05, Significant difference vs. control SAMP1 group at the age of 43 wk by Dunnett’s test.