Bio-ethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of a low-moisture anhydrous ammonia (LMAA)-pretreated napiegrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach)

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Table 1 Saccharification of LMAA-pretreated napiergrass ^a)

Run	PT^b)	F _X ^c)	Product/g (yield/%)^d)
Run	PT^b)	F _X ^c)	Glucose	Xylose	Total
1	NO	0.0	2.20 (63)	0.68 (36)	2.88 (54)
2	LMAA (1)	0.0	2.89 (66)	0.91 (38)	3.80 (63)
3	LMAA (2)	0.0	3.07 (70)	1.16 (49)	4.23 (63)
4	LMAA (4)	0.0	3.36 (76)	1.20 (51)	4.57 (67)
5	LMAA (4)	0.3	3.23 (73)	1.13 (48)	4.36 (64)
6	LMAA (4)	0.4	3.56 (81)	1.49 (63)	5.05 (74)
7	LMAA (4)	0.5	4.14 (94)	1.60 (68)	5.74 (85)
8	LMAA (4)	0.6	4.25 (96)	1.48 (62)	5.73 (86)
9	LMAA (4)	0.7	3.92 (90)	1.51 (64)	5.43 (81)
10	LMAA (4)	0.8	3.72 (84)	1.47 (62)	5.20 (78)
11	LMAA (4)	0.9	3.63 (82)	1.30 (55)	4.93 (73)
12	LMAA (4)	1.0	3.05 (69)	0.95 (40)	4.00 (59)

^a)Saccharification was performed for napiergrass (10.0 g) using the hydrolytic enzyme (1.0 g) in an acetate buffer (60 mL) at 45°C for 168 h.
^b)Pretreatment (PT). NO: non-treatment. LMAA: a low-moisture anhydrous ammonia pretreatment. The value in parenthesis was the period in week for LMAA- pretreatment.
^c)F_X value was the fraction of xylanase in the mixture (1.0 g) of cellulase and xylanase.
^d)The amounts of saccharides obtained from the saccharification of 10 g of the pretreated napiergrass.