Retention and mitigation of metals in sediment, soil, water, and plant of a newly constructed root-channel wetland (China) from slightly polluted source water

SpringerPlus

Table 5 Heavy metal contents in water column of pilot wetland along water flow pathways

Site	TSS mg/L	Mn mg/L	Cd μg/L	Cr μg/L	Cu μg/L	Ni μg/L	Zn μg/L	Pb μg/L
E1	93.3	0.17	<1	2.27	4.31	1.49	94.22	3.00
E2	98.7	0.14	<1	1.66	3.51	0.93	25.10	2.29
E3	86.0	0.08	<1	1.00	3.38	0.74	18.23	2.62
E4	51.3	0.04	<1	1.20	2.59	0.52	21.29	1.91
E5	48.7	0.05	<1	0.64	3.48	0.21	15.42	1.72
E6	48.7	0.05	<1	1.72	4.04	0.32	39.99	2.22
RR	47.8%	70.6%	/	24.2%	6.3%	78.5%	57.6%	26.0%
W1	83.3	0.14	<1	1.11	2.90	0.99	41.44	2.01
W2	52.7	0.15	<1	2.18	5.86	1.14	39.16	4.07
W3	82.0	0.12	<1	2.19	3.98	1.13	19.47	2.28
W4	86.0	0.08	<1	2.13	5.26	0.63	18.94	2.04
W5	28.7	0.07	<1	2.39	4.67	0.48	21.37	2.67
W6	52.0	0.08	<1	2.37	2.87	0.33	16.73	1.86
RR	37.6%	42.9%	/	/	1.0%	66.7%	59.6%	7.5%
Limit	NA	0.1	≤1	≤10	≤10	20	≤50	≤10

Note: RR: removal rate; NA: not available; italic data are above the limits of basic indexes for grade I or supplementary indexes for centralized domestic drinking water sources according to Chinese environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838–2002).