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Table 2 Risk assessment of heavy metals in source river sediment, wetland sediments/soils, and regional background soils (mg/kg, dried weight)

From: Retention and mitigation of metals in sediment, soil, water, and plant of a newly constructed root-channel wetland (China) from slightly polluted source water

Heavy metals

TEL

PEL

Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou plain soil layer A

Source river

Within wetland, n = 84

Percentage

Max

Min

Mean

<TEL

TEL ~ PEL

> = PEL

Cd

0.596

3.53

0.152

0.09

0.28

0.05

0.12

100.0%

0.0%

0.0%

Cr

37.3

90

77.6

151.07

251.95

70.32

121.57

0.0%

15.5%

84.5%

Cu

35.7

197

30.8

32.34

39.33

12.33

22.07

98.8%

1.2%

0.0%

Ni

18

36

32.4

55.88

73.70

21.74

38.93

0.0%

46.4%

53.6%

Zn

123

315

92.7

167.52

427.93

21.96

112.95

65.5%

32.1%

2.4%

Pb

35

91.3

30.4

14.68

64.20

5.22

25.37

88.1%

11.9%

0.0%

  1. Note: TEL: threshold effect level; PEL: probable effect level. The plain text, italics, and boldface regarding the contents represent rare, occasional, and frequent negative ecological risks, respectively. Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou plain soil layer A data are from (Wang et al. 2007).