Retention and mitigation of metals in sediment, soil, water, and plant of a newly constructed root-channel wetland (China) from slightly polluted source water

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Table 1 Contents of metals in source river sediments, wetland sediments/soils as compared with regional background levels

Heavy metal	Range mg/kg	Mean mg/kg	CV	Source mg/kg	Background mg/kg	Major metal	Range	Mean	CV	Source	Background
Cd	0.05–0.28	0.12	38.80%	0.09	0.15	K	1.16–8.50%	3.74%	38.83%	1.79%	2.03%
Cr	70.32–251.95	121.57	25.70%	151.07	77.55	Na	0.42–24.28%	8.10%	61.80%	7.37%	1.08%
Cu	12.33–39.33	22.07	21.33%	32.34	30.85	Ca	0.21–12.58%	3.03%	110.06%	4.34%	0.69%
Ni	21.74–73.70	38.93	23.52%	55.88	32.40	Mg	0.22–2.02%	0.70%	63.68%	0.95%	0.92%
Zn	1.96–427.93	112.95	61.64%	167.52	92.67	Al	0.97–16.84%	9.69%	33.25%	6.41%	7.57%
Pb	5.22–64.20	25.37	48.67%	14.68	30.35	Fe	2.45–4.93%	3.76%	11.53%	3.54%	3.23%

Note: n = 84; CV: coefficient of variation; Background levels are contents in the surface soils of the Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou plain (Wang et al. 2007).