Scientometric analyses of studies on the role of innate variation in athletic performance

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Table 5 National addresses of authors listed on papers published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012 about digit ratio (DR), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and myostatin (MSTN) genotypes that were either in the context of athletic performance or independent of athletic performance

	Innate factor
Country	DR and athletic performance (%)	DR independent of athletic performance	Total	Fisher exact test
USA	7 (25.0%)	21	28	P = 0.07
United Kingdom	17 (50.0%)	17	34
	ACE and athletic performance (%)	ACE independent of athletic performance
USA	28 (19.3%)	117	145	P < 0.0001
Spain	58 (98.3%)	1	59
USA	28 (19.3%)	117	145	P < 0.0001
Italy	58 (72.5%)	22	80
	ACTN3 and athletic performance (%)	ACTN3 independent of athletic performance
USA	18 (33.3%)	36	54	P = 0.0005
Spain	36 (67.9%)	17	53
	MSTN and athletic performance (%)	MSTN independent of athletic performance
USA	18 (33.3%)	36	89	P < 0.0015
Germany	10 (11.2%)	79	89
	All factors and athletic performance (%)	All factors independent of athletic performance
USA	60 (28.7%)	209	269	P < 0.0001
Spain	74 (80.4%)	18	92

Country indicates for each innate factor the country, other than the USA, that authors most frequently listed as their address on papers about the relationship between athletic performance and each innate factor. For all papers pooled, country indicates the country, other than the USA, that authors most frequently listed as their address on papers about the relationship between athletic performance and each innate factor. Fisher exact tests tested the null hypotheses whether authors listed had either USA or other “country” addresses was independent of whether a paper’s focus was about the relationship between an innate factor and athletic performance or an innate factor independent of its relationship to athletic performance.