Scientometric analyses of studies on the role of innate variation in athletic performance

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Table 2 National addresses of authors listed on papers published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012 about digit ratio (DR), and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) and myostatin (MSTN) genotypes that were either in the context of athletic performance or independent of athletic performance

Innate factor	Category of author	Was the paper about the relationship between the innate factor and athletic performance?	Authors with USA addresses (%)	Authors with non-USA addresses	Total	Fisher exact test
DR	First author	Yes	3 (13.6%)	19	22	P = 0.46
		No	6 (27.3%)	16	22
	Corresponding author	Yes	3 (13.6%)	19	22	P = 0.28
		No	7 (31.8%)	15	22
	All authors	Yes	7 (12.5%)	49	56	P = 0.03
		No	21 (28.4%)	53	74
ACE	First author	Yes	4 (5.3%)	70	74	P < 0.0001
		No	25 (33.8%)	49	74
	Corresponding author	Yes	4 (5.3%)	70	74	P < 0.0001
		No	25 (33.8%)	49	74
	All authors	Yes	28 (7.0%)	372	400	P < 0.0001
		No	117 (26.9%)	318	435
ACTN3	First author	Yes	1 (2.0%)	48	49	P = 0.006
		No	5 (26.3%)	14	19
	Corresponding author	Yes	1 (2.0%)	48	49	P = 0.006
		No	5 (26.3%)	14	19
	All authors	Yes	18 (8.1%)	204	222	P < 0.0001
		No	36 (29.5%)	86	122
Myostatin	First author	Yes	2 (13.3%)	13	15	P = 0.22
		No	6 (40.0%)	9	15
	Corresponding author	Yes	2 (13.3%)	13	15	P = 0.11
		No	7 (46.7%)	8	15
	All authors	Yes	18 (20.2%)	71	89	P = 0.005
		No	36 (40.4%)	53	89
All papers pooled	First author	Yes	10 (6.3%)	150	160	P < 0.0001
		No	42 (32.3%)	88	130
	Corresponding author	Yes	10 (6.3%)	150	160	P < 0.0001
		No	44 (33.8%)	86	130
	All authors	Yes	60 (9.6%)	565	625	P < 0.0001
		No	209 (28.8%)	516	725

Fisher exact tests tested the null hypotheses that whether first, corresponding, or all authors had either USA or non-USA addresses was independent of whether a paper’s focus was on the relationship between an innate factor and athletic performance or an innate factor independent of its relationship to athletic performance.