Antityphoid and radical scavenging properties of the methanol extracts and compounds from the aerial part of Paullinia pinnata

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Table 1 Minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations (μg/ml) of extracts and compounds from P. pinnata

Test substance	Parameter (μg/ml)	*S. typhi*	*S. paratyphi* A	*S. paratyphi* B	*S. typhimurium*
Extract^a	MIC	781	48	781	781
	MBC	781	390	3125	3125
	MBC/MIC	1	8	4	4
Extract^b	MIC	781	781	390	390
	MBC	1562	1562	1562	3125
	MBC/MIC	2	2	4	8
1	MIC	6.25	1.562	1.562	25
	MBC	50	12.5	12.50	100
	MBC/MIC	8	8	8	4
2	MIC	100	100	100	100
	MBC	/	/	/	/
	MBC/MIC	nd	nd	nd	nd
3	MIC	25	50	100	100
	MBC	50	100	100	/
	MBC/MIC	2	2	1	nd
4	MIC	50	25	12.5	25
	MBC	100	100	50	50
	MBC/MIC	2	4	4	2
5	MIC	1.562	1.562	0.781	0.781
	MBC	1.562	1.562	1.562	0.781
	MBC/MIC	1	1	2	1
6	MIC	25	25	12.50	12.5
	MBC	25	50	50	25
	MBC/MIC	1	2	4	2
7	MIC	25	50	3.125	12.5
	MBC	50	100	6.250	12.5
	MBC/MIC	2	2	2	1
Ciprofloxacin	MIC	0.195	0.195	1.562	0.781
	MBC	0.781	0.781	1.562	3.125
	MBC/MIC	4	4	1	4
Gentamycin	MIC	6.25	1.562	3.125	3.13
	MBC	12.5	6.25	12.5	6.25
	MBC/MIC	2	4	4	2

Extract^a: methanol extract of the leaves; Extract^b: methanol extract of the stems; nd: not determined (greater than 100 μg/ml).