Public assessment of key performance indicators of healthcare in a Canadian province: the effect of age and chronic health problems

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Table 2 Unstandardized and standardized beta coefficients of key performance indicators of the health system in Alberta

		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
Variables		b	β	b	β	b	β
Chronic health problem status
	No chronic problem (Ref)		—		—		—
	Chronic without pain	-0.175 (0.03)	-0.114***	-0.165 (0.03)	-0.107***	-0.067 (0.03)	-0.044*
	Chronic pain	-0.451 (0.08)	-0.104***	-0.435 (0.08)	-0.100***	-0.232 (0.08)	-0.054**
Age
	Non-seniors (Ref)		—		—		—
	Seniors	0.238 (0.04)	0.114***	0.248 (0.04)	0.119***	0.130 (0.04)	0.063***
Sex
	Male (Ref)				—		—
	Female			-0.075 (0.03)	-0.056*	-0.096 (0.02)	-0.072***
Education
	Less than high-school (Ref)				—		—
	Completed high-school			0.069 (0.05)	0.043	0.035 (0.04)	0.022
	Some post-secondary			0.037 (0.05)	0.020	-0.002 (0.05)	-0.001
	Completed post-secondary			-0.001 (0.04)	-0.001	-0.089 (0.04)	-0.066*
Annual household income
	Up to 29,999 (Ref)				—		—
	$30,000 to $59,999			-0.029 (0.04)	-0.020	-0.052 (0.04)	-0.035
	$60,000 to $99,999			-0.018 (0.04)	-0.012	-0.071 (0.04)	-0.048
	$100,000+			-0.031 (0.04)	-0.020	-0.094 (0.04)	-0.060*
Living arrangement
	Living alone (Ref)				—		—
	Living with someone			0.068 (0.04)	0.036	0.057 (0.04)	0.030
Self-reported health status						0.049 (0.01)	0.074***
Days physical health not good
	0 day (Ref)						—
	1–7 days					-0.024 (0.03)	-0.016
	8+ days					-0.129 (0.04)	-0.065**
Days mental health not good
	0 day (Ref)						—
	1–7 days					-0.091 (0.03)	-0.060***
	8+ days					-0.293 (0.04)	-0.145***
Knowledge of available health services						0.177 (0.02)	0.213***
Personally received healthcare services
	No (Ref)						—
	Yes					0.063 (0.03)	0.039*
Constant			2.947***		2.921***		2.384***
Δ F			29.038***		2.377*		71.911***
R ²			0.030		0.036		0.119
Adj. R²			0.028		0.032		0.113
Δ R²			—		0.006*		0.044***