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Table 1 Patient, surgical characteristics, and medications for pre-surgical incision period

From: Effectiveness of preoperative beta-blockade on intra-operative heart rate in vascular surgery cases conducted under regional or local anesthesia

Patient characteristics

No preoperative β-blocker (n = 76)

Preoperative β-blocker (n = 137)

P-value

Age (yrs)

68.2 (11.8)

65.7 (10.2)

0.11

Weight (kg)

84.8 (17.0)

84.4 (18.3)

0.87

Height (cm)

175.0 (9.5)

173.4 (8.1)

0.22

BMI (kg/m2)

27.7 (4.9)

28.0 (5.5)

0.66

ASA Status (mode)

III

III

-

Sex (male/female)

76/0

137/0

-

Duration for pre surgical incision period (mins)

70.6 (21.9)

59.1 (28.0)

0.007

Duration for entire surgical case (mins)

195.2 (104.4)

163.4 (77.6)

0.016

Pre-surgical incision medications

    Fentanyl equivalents (mcg)

90 (158)

54 (64)

0.02

    Midazolam (mg)

2 (1.4)

1.7 (0.6)

0.02

    Propofol (mg)

51.8 (60)

110 (94)

0.21

    Etomidate (mg)

15.7 (6.3)

17.2 (5.5)

0.69

    Labetalol(mg)

5 (0)*

35 (28.2)

< 0.001

    Metoprolol (mg)

3 (0)*

2.7 (2.1)

< 0.001

    Esmolol (mg)

**

30 (0)*

-

    Ephedrine (mg)

10 (7.7)

9.5 (4.9)

0.87

    Phenylephrine (mcg)

258 (142)

160 (69)

0.30

  1. Data are presented as mean (SD) or number of subjects when applicable. *One patient received this medication. **No patients in this group received esmolol.