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Table 3 Mean (and S.D. within parentheses) ratings of 15 virtues in 14 nations (1 = least important; 5 = most important), and means and rankings across 14 nations

From: Are virtues national, supranational, or universal?

Virtues

Respect

Courage

Justice

Faith

Love

Wisdom

Moderate

Joy

Open

Reliable

Resolute

Modesty

Helpful

Mercy

Hope

Malaysia

4.32

3.10

3.98

4.42

3.78

2.85

2.98

2.85

2.63

3.21

2.31

3.24

3.27

2.65

2.21

N = 211

(.94)

(1.23)

(1.08)

(1.12)

(1.17)

(1.32)

(1.28)

(1.28)

(1.33)

(1.33)

(1.27)

(1.30)

(1.20)

(1.17)

(1.26)

Spain

4.72

2.60

4.25

2.16

4.16

3.40

2.51

3.82

2.20

2.49

2.34

2.81

3.28

2.38

2.71

N = 202

(.82)

(1.15)

(1.02)

(1.32)

(1.14)

(1.07)

(1.15)

(1.07)

(1.19)

(1.15)

(1.24)

(1.20)

(1.07)

(1.20)

(1.25)

Czechia

3.52

2.79

3.85

1.98

4.17

3.74

1.55

3.33

2.59

3.86

2.79

2.32

3.37

2.49

2.62

N = 231

(1.18)

(1.34)

(1.10)

(1.30)

(1.11)

(1.25)

(.91)

(1.25)

(1.26)

(1.17)

(1.30)

(1.20)

(1.18)

(1.20)

(1.30)

Netherlands

4.15

2.30

3.90

2.07

4.10

3.16

2.33

3.61

3.11

4.09

2.46

2.40

3.75

2.33

2.32

N = 371

(1.05)

(1.13)

(1.08)

(1.49)

(1.14)

(1.24)

(1.15)

(1.22)

(1.27)

(.94)

(1.22)

(1.12)

(1.13)

(1.06)

(1.13)

Great Britain

4.52

3.11

3.48

2.23

4.39

3.10

1.86

3.55

2.87

3.14

1.82

2.31

3.60

2.32

2.89

N = 149

(.77)

(1.16)

(1.21)

(1.33)

(1.02)

(1.24)

(1.05)

(1.27)

(1.33)

(1.21)

(1.01)

(1.14)

(1.12)

(1.20)

(1.22)

Austria

4.03

2.43

3.82

1.45

3.91

2.40

1.53

3.89

3.57

4.25

3.63

2.44

3.97

1.53

2.47

N = 276

(.98)

(1.06)

(1.03)

(.87)

(1.08)

(1.17)

(.77)

(1.05)

(1.09)

(.94)

(1.21)

(1.07)

(1.03

(.75)

(.98)

Germany

4.15

2.41

3.88

1.65

3.88

3.13

2.19

3.92

3.76

3.68

2.80

2.40

3.63

1.62

2.56

N = 220

(1.11)

(1.17)

(1.06)

(1.06)

(1.16)

(1.22)

(1.22)

(1.02)

(1.07)

(1.13)

(1.22)

(1.16)

(1.13

(.84)

(1.23)

Poland

4.26

2.15

3.70

2.07

4.30

4.08

2.12

3.56

3.62

2.88

2.83

1.95

2.85

1.96

2.04

N = 163

(.99)

(1.15)

(1.17)

(1.21)

(1.02)

(1.12)

(1.04)

(1.29)

(1.18)

(1.17)

(1.23)

(1.00)

(1.12)

(1.16)

(1.17)

Hong Kong

4.20

2.59

3.02

3.75

3.98

3.13

1.71

2.59

1.90

3.09

3.00

3.00

3.02

3.35

2.72

N = 101

(1.04)

(1.22)

(1.39)

(1.16)

(1.20)

(1.45)

(.95)

(1.50)

(1.17)

(1.21)

(1.17)

(1.29)

(1.26)

(1.22)

(1.38)

India

4.55

3.49

3.78

2.84

4.42

4.51

1.49

4.61

1.95

3.49

1.77

1.80

2.42

2.41

2.89

N = 152

(.51)

(.93)

(.73)

(.70)

(.54)

(.58)

(.55)

(.52)

(.77)

(.60)

(.70)

(.70)

(.69)

(.70)

(.63)

USA

3.97

3.19

3.11

3.34

3.98

3.28

2.38

3.11

2.95

2.92

2.30

2.37

2.79

2.61

2.89

N = 184

(1.25)

(1.34)

(1.31)

(1.43)

(1.20)

(1.40)

(1.24)

(1.35)

(.42)

(1.34)

(1.22)

(1.31)

(1.37)

(1.34)

(1.31)

Norway

4.17

2.74

4.16

1.94

4.27

3.24

2.38

3.86

3.88

3.98

2.72

3.52

3.72

3.24

2..95

N = 187

(1.11)

(1.27)

(.96)

(1.22)

(1.05)

(1.23)

(1.26)

(1.18)

(1.22)

(1.15)

(1.20)

(1.29)

(1.15)

(1.33)

(1.35)

France

4.66

3.01

3.57

3.81

3.82

3.14

1.57

3.19

4.13

2.45

2.51

2.31

2.58

1.76

2.58

N = 216

(.71)

(1.09)

(1.19)

(.97)

(1.16)

(1.33)

(.91)

(1.35)

(1.06)

(1.18)

(1.22)

(1.17)

(1.25)

(.96)

(1.29)

Mexico

4.63

2.60

3.80

2.53

4.07

3.48

2.01

3.81

2.77

2.55

2.97

2.32

3.12

2.16

2.41

N = 146

(.75)

(1.23)

(1.17)

(1.37)

(1.27)

(1.19)

(1.17)

(1.25

(1.31)

(1.20)

(1.30)

(1.21)

(1.12)

(1.15)

(1.04)

Total

4.24

2.71

3.78

2.50

4.07

3.27

2.07

3.57

3.07

3.39

2.62

2.51

3.31

2.28

2.56

N = 2,009

(1.03)

(1.23)

(1.14)

(1.50)

(1.13)

(1.31)

(1.16)

(1.27)

(1.36)

(1.28)

(1.29)

(1.24)

(1.22)

(1.20)

(1.22)

Ranking

1

9

3

13

2

7

15

4

8

5

10

12

6

14

11

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