Variables | PD (n = 103) | No-PRE (n = 103) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Demographic data | |||
Sex (M:F) | 66:37 | 66:37 | - |
Age at index GA (months)+ | 22 (11.5-41) | 27 (10.5-41.5) | - |
Weight at index GA (kg)a,+ | 10 (7.9-13.4) | 11 (7.8-15.6) | 0.11 |
ASWP at index GAa,+ | 25th (3th-63th) | 38th (10th-75th) | 0.007* |
Height at index GA (cm)a,+ | 81 (70–95) | 85 (71–100) | 0.38 |
ASHP at index GAa,+ | 38th (5th-63th) | 38th (18th-63th) | 0.10 |
Family-related variables | |||
Parental smokingb,ǂ | 1 | ||
No | 42 (40.8) | 43 (41.7) | |
Yes | 61 (59.2) | 60 (58.3) | |
Religionb,ǂ | 0.86 | ||
Buddhist | 81 (78.6) | 83 (80.6) | |
Muslim | 22 (21.4) | 20 (19.4) | |
Mother‘s age at delivery (yr)c,§ | 29.7 (6.2) | 30.3 (5.9) | 0.44 |
Mother’s occupationb,ǂ | 0.11 | ||
None | 13 (12.6) | 13 (12.6) | |
Company employee | 33 (32.0) | 27 (26.2) | |
Farmer | 27 (26.2) | 20 (19.4) | |
Government officer | 8 (7.8) | 21 (20.4) | |
Self-employee | 22 (21.4) | 22 (21.4) | |
Father’s occupationd,ǂ | 0.31 | ||
None | 1 (1.0) | 2 (1.9) | |
Company employee | 33 (32.0) | 32 (31.1) | |
Farmer | 36 (35.0) | 24 (23.3) | |
Government officer | 16 (15.5) | 24 (23.3) | |
Self-employee | 17 (16.5) | 21 (20.4) | |
Income quintiles (baht)b,ǂ | 0.16 | ||
< 10,000 | 23 (22.3) | 27 (26.2) | |
10,001-17,800 | 19 (18.4) | 12 (11.7) | |
17,801-30,000 | 33 (32.0) | 28 (27.2) | |
30,001-40,000 | 7 (6.8) | 17 (16.5) | |
40,001-500,000 | 21 (20.4) | 19 (18.4) | |
Mother’s educationb,ǂ | 0.70 | ||
Primary school | 21 (20.4) | 19 (18.4) | |
Secondary school | 35 (34.0) | 31 (30.1) | |
Tertiary education | 47 (45.6) | 53 (51.5) | |
Father’s educationb,ǂ | 0.83 | ||
Primary school | 23 (22.3) | 25 (24.3) | |
Secondary school | 35 (34.0) | 31 (30.1) | |
Tertiary education | 45 (43.7) | 47 (45.6) | |
Child-related variables | |||
Prematurityb,ǂ | 0.86 | ||
No | 81 (78.6) | 83 (80.6) | |
Yes | 22 (22.4) | 20 (19.4) | |
Children’s educationb,ǂ | 0.17 | ||
Home | 18 (17.5) | 11 (10.7) | |
Nursery | 7 (6.8) | 12 (11.7) | |
Pre-kindergarden | 10 (9.7) | 15 (14.6) | |
Kindergarden | 60 (58.3) | 51 (49.5) | |
Primary school | 8 (7.8) | 14 (13.6) | |
Training by parentsd,ǂ | 0.41 | ||
None | 4 (3.9) | 1 (1.0) | |
Partial | 67 (65.0) | 66 (64.0) | |
Regular | 32 (31.1) | 36 (35.0) | |
Children’s capabilityd,ǂ | 0.77 | ||
Full help | 1 (1.0) | 0 (0) | |
Partial help | 36 (35.0) | 34 (33.0) | |
No help | 66 (64.0) | 69 (67.0) | |
First talk (months)a,+ | 18 (15–24) | 18 (15–21) | 0.97 |
First walk (months)a,+ | 14 (12–18) | 14 (12–18) | 0.38 |