Table 1 Stages of anesthesia with clove oil in fish (Keene et al., 1998, modified from McFarland, 1959; Jolly et al. 1972) and Stages of recovery from anesthesia in fish (Keene et al., 1998modified from Hikasa et al., 1986) in fish
Stage | Behavior in anesthesia stages | Behavior in recovery stages |
|---|---|---|
1 | Normal Reacts to external stimuli; opercular rate and muscle tone normal | Decreased opercular movement |
2 | Light sedation Slight loss of reactivity to external visual and tactile stimuli; opercular rate slightly decreased; equilibrium normal | Partial recovery of equilibrium; partial recovery of swimming motion |
3 | Deep sedation Total loss of reactivity to external stimuli except very strong pressure; | Total recovery of equilibrium |
4 | slight decrease in opercular rate; equilibrium normal Partial loss Partial loss of muscle tone; increased opercular rate; reacts of equilibrium only to strong tactile and vibrational stimuli | Reappearance of avoidance swimming motion; reaction to external stimuli; behavioral response still stolid |
5 | Total loss Total loss of muscle tone and equilibrium; slow but regular of equilibrium opercular rate; loss of spinal reflexes | Swimming, rarely striking head firmly to sides or against bank of the tank |
6 | Loss of reflex Total loss of reactivity; opercular movements slow and reactivity irregular; heart rate very slow; loss of all reflexes | Total behavioral recovery; normal swimming |