From: Coconut shells as filling material for anaerobic filters
Parameter | Coconut shells | Bamboo rings | Crushed stone | Rasching rings (2 in)* | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before using in anaerobic filters | After using in anaerobic filters | ||||
Density (kg.m-3) | 915.9 ± 46.4 a | 306.3 ± 66.8 b | n.a.** | n.a.** | n.a.** |
Empty bed volume (%) | 62.5 ± 2.4 a | 81.3 ± 2.7 b | 75 | 55 | 92 |
Specific surface area (m2.m-3) | 89.6 ± 13.5 a | 100.3 ± 14.8 b | 91.8 | 60.1 | 103.0 |