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Table 2 Density, empty bed volume and surface area

From: Coconut shells as filling material for anaerobic filters

Parameter

Coconut shells

Bamboo rings

Crushed stone

Rasching rings (2 in)*

 

Before using in anaerobic filters

After using in anaerobic filters

   

Density (kg.m-3)

915.9 ± 46.4 a

306.3 ± 66.8 b

n.a.**

n.a.**

n.a.**

Empty bed volume (%)

62.5 ± 2.4 a

81.3 ± 2.7 b

75

55

92

Specific surface area (m2.m-3)

89.6 ± 13.5 a

100.3 ± 14.8 b

91.8

60.1

103.0

  1. *Henley and Seader (2005). **n.a.: not found in the literature. Different lower case letters in each line indicate significant difference (p < 0.05).