Effect of microtitanium impregnated tape on the recovery of triceps surae musculotendinous function following strenuous running

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Table 1 Statistical summary of the effect of AQUATITAN tape applied during recovery from intermittent high-intensity running on Achilles tendon stiffness, ankle joint range of motion during plantarflexion, and the short latency reflex, relative to the pre-run baseline, and the post-treatment comparisons for peak torque during maximal isokinetic contractions of the Triceps Surae

Outcome¹	Mean effect; ±95%CL(%)²	Standardised difference; ±95%CL	P-value	Magnitude-based inference³
	Achilles tendon stiffness
Placebo	-16.5; ±8.1	-0.40; ±0.21	32E-5	Small very likely
AQUA TITAN	-5.9; ±9.2	-0.14; ±0.23	0.23	Trivial possible
AQUA TITAN- Placebo	-11.3; ±11.6	-0.28; ±0.31	0.09	Small possible
	Plantarflexion range of motion
Placebo	-1.6; ±1.9	-0.12; ±0.15	0.12	Trivial likely
AQUA TITAN	1.6; ±2.0	0.12; ±0.15	0.11	Trivial likely
AQUA TITAN- Placebo	-3.1; ±2.7	-0.24; ±0.21	0.03	Small possible
	Short latency reflex time
Placebo	1.6; ±3.8	0.20; ±0.48	0.42	Small possible
AQUA TITAN	-11.3; ±3.3	-1.4; ±0.47	8E-9	Large almost certain
AQUA TITAN- Placebo	14.6; ±6.2	1.8; ±0.7	26E-7	Large almost certain
	Peak torque during maximal isokinetic contraction
30º∙s^-1 AQUA TITAN- Placebo	4.2; ±14.2	0.06; ±0.19	0.57	Likely trivial
60º∙s^-1 AQUA TITAN- Placebo	11.1; ±10.9	0.12; ±0.12	0.03	Likely trivial
90º∙s^-1 AQUA TITAN- Placebo	-7.3; ±8.2	-0.08; ±0.09	0.09	Very likely trivial
120º∙s^-1 AQUA TITAN- Placebo	-6.2; ±13.8	-0.07; ±0.15	0.41	Likely trivial
Overall AQUA TITAN- Placebo	0.08; ±7.7	0.001; ±0.08	0.98	Almost certainly trivial

¹Data are the difference in the post intermittent high-intensity run measure minus the pre run measure. For peak torque during maximal isokinetic contraction, only the post-pre difference in the AQUA TITAN minus Placebo contrasts is shown.
²Add or subtract this value by the mean to obtain the upper and lower confidence limits.
³Magnitude-based inferences about the true value for outcomes were qualified using a modification of the Cohen effect size classification system (trivial = 0.0–0.2, small = 0.2–0.6, moderate = 0.6–1.2, large = 1.2–2.0, very large = 2.0–4.0, and extremely large >4.0). The threshold standardised difference considered substantial is small. The thresholds for assigning qualitative terms to probability of a substantial effect were: <0.5%, almost certainly not; <5%, very unlikely; <25%, unlikely; <75%, possible; >75%, likely; >95%, very likely; >99.5%, almost certain (Hopkins et al. 2009).