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Table 2 Categorical Regressions by Region

From: Asian ascendancy: media in the age of globalization

Dependent

CE

FEMD

LIM

RHNN

IG

Variables

Independent

Variable

     

MAG

PAKISTAN

Beta

0.424

0.373

0.260

0.210

0.183

(T-Stats)

(1.731)

(1.610)

(2.458)

(1.551)

(1.023)

R-Squared

0.451

0.411

0.527

0.375

0.212

(F-Stats)

(4.991)

(3.927)

(22.071)

(3.888)

(3.008)

In Pakistan, the media contribute significantly and positively to cultural expansion, the exchange of multilateral dialogues, the interests of minorities, and the reduction of hostilities between neighboring nations (t-stats > 1.5 and positive beta coefficients). However, they do not necessarily contribute to income generation (t-stats = 1.023).

INDIA

Beta

0.738

0.402

0.153

0.102

0.312

(T-Stats)

(2.563)

(2.105)

(1.411)

(1.005)

(8.740)

R-Squared

0.661

0.327

0.227

0.319

0.572

(F-Stats)

(103.017)

(11.582)

(3.939)

(3.873)

(11.011)

In India, the media contribute significantly and positively to cultural expansion, the exchange of multilateral dialogues, and income generation (t-stats > 1.5 and positive beta coefficients). However, they do not contribute to the interests of minorities or reduce hostilities between neighboring nations (t-stats < 1.5).

AFGHANISTAN

Beta

0.019

0.101

0.062

0.004

0.013

(T-Stats)

(1.002)

(0.519)

(1.031)

(0.408)

0.111

R-Squared

0.229

0.002

0..007

0.201

0.061

(F-Stats)

(1.384)

(2.826)

(1.732)

(2.410)

(1.983)

In Afghanistan, the media do not significantly contribute to any of these factors (t-stats < 1.5).

IRAN

Beta

0.327

0.219

0.116

0.010

0.071

(T-Stats)

(1.501)

(0.729)

(1.171)

(0.003)

0.020

R-Squared

0.106

0.037

0.373

0.101

0.201

(F-Stats)

(3.871))

(2.613)

(3.951)

(1.111)

(1.389)

In Iran, the media do not contribute significantly and positively to cultural expansion (t-stats > 1.5), but they do contribute to the other factors studied (t-stats < 1.5).

CHINA

Beta

0.799

1.794

0.251

0.177

1.413

(T-Stats)

(14.032)

(9.483)

7.004

(13.063)

(2.653)

R-Squared

0.543

0.672

0.419

0.090

0.384

(F-Stats)

(76.001)

(100.052)

(22.732)

(5.007)

(3.979)

The Chinese media contribute significantly and positively to cultural expansion, the exchange of multilateral dialogues, the interests of minorities, reducing hostilities between neighboring nations, and income generation income (t-stats > 1.5 and positive beta coefficients).

JAPAN

Beta

0.507

0.331

0.165

0.132

1.051

(T-Stats)

(1.993)

(1.809)

(7.731)

(1.771)

(2.002)

R-Squared

0.630

0.013

0.400

0.234

0.313

(F-Stats)

(8.451)

(4.708)

(20.001)

(4.641)

(3.872)

The Japanese media contribute significantly and positively to cultural expansion, the exchange of multilateral dialogues, the interests of minorities, reducing hostilities between neighboring nations, and income generation income (t-stats > 1.5 and positive beta coefficients).

SINGAPORE

Beta

0.231

0.102

0.150

0.165

1.001

(T-Stats)

(1.004)

(1.841)

(0.002)

(2.030)

(1.009)

R-Squared

0.076

0.010

0.001

0.201

0.006

(F-Stats)

(3.003)

(4.009)

(1.023)

(4.372)

(1.077)

  

In Singapore, the media do contribute significantly and positively to the exchange of multilateral dialogues and reduce hostilities with neighboring nations (t-stats > 1.5 and positive beta coefficient). However, they do not significantly contribute to cultural expansion, the interests of minorities, or income generation (t-stats < 1.5).

  1. Note:
  2. CE= Cultural expansion.
  3. FEMD= Facilitating exchange of multilateral dialogues.
  4. LIM= Looking after the interests of minorities.
  5. RHNN= Reducing hostilities between neighboring nations.
  6. IG= Income Generation.
  7. MAG= Media in the age of Globalization.
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