Table 3 Multi-level regression analyses for change in swimming speed for 50 m, 100 m, and 200 m in swimmers at international level across years for women and men (Model 1) with correction for multiple participations (Model 2) and age of athletes with multiple participations (Model 3)

50 m women long course

1

0.007

0.001

0.635

5.568

< 0.001

2

0.007

0.001

0.635

5.568

< 0.001

3

0.007

0.001

0.620

5.510

< 0.001

50 m women short course

1

0.006

0.001

0.511

3.983

< 0.001

2

0.006

0.001

0.511

3.983

< 0.001

3

0.006

0.001

0.510

3.930

< 0.001

50 m men long course

1

0.007

0.001

0.634

5.557

< 0.001

2

0.007

0.001

0.634

5.557

< 0.001

3

0.007

0.001

0.630

5.466

< 0.001

50 m men short course

1

0.008

0.001

0.645

5.721

< 0.001

2

0.008

0.001

0.645

5.721

< 0.001

3

0.008

0.001

0.660

5.647

< 0.001

100 m women long course

1

0.006

0.001

0.768

8.126

< 0.001

2

0.006

0.001

0.768

8.126

< 0.001

3

0.006

0.001

0.769

8.060

< 0.001

100 m women short course

1

0.004

0.001

0.527

4.200

< 0.001

2

0.004

0.001

0.527

4.200

< 0.001

3

0.004

0.001

0.541

4.240

< 0.001

100 m men long course

1

0.006

0.001

0.701

6.674

< 0.001

2

0.006

0.001

0.701

6.674

< 0.001

3

0.006

0.001

0.697

6.575

< 0.001

100 m men short course

1

0.007

0.001

0.668

6.094

< 0.001

2

0.007

0.001

0.668

6.094

< 0.001

3

0.007

0.001

0.667

5.947

< 0.001

200 m women long course

1

0.005

0.001

0.680

6.292

< 0.001

2

0.005

0.001

0.680

6.292

< 0.001

3

0.005

0.001

0.683

6.233

< 0.001

200 m women short course

1

0.005

0.001

0.571

4.714

< 0.001

2

0.005

0.001

0.571

4.714

< 0.001

3

0.005

0.001

0.577

4.759

< 0.001

200 m men long course

1

0.005

0.001

0.519

4.120

< 0.001

2

0.005

0.001

0.519

4.120

< 0.001

3

0.005

0.001

0.521

4.091

< 0.001

200 m men short course

1

0.006

0.001

0.651

5.823

< 0.001

2

0.006

0.001

0.651

5.823

< 0.001

3

0.006

0.001

0.650

5.738

< 0.001