Table 4 FAA in human milk (at 1 month of lactation), cow milk, and rat milk (Values are reported as means, standard deviation, minimum and maximum)
Free amino acids μmol/L | Human milk (n = 16) | Rat milk (n = 8) | Cow milk (n = 4) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Max | |
Alanine | 225.9 | 73.4 | 123.1 | 385.1 | 679.0 | 239.8 | 261.8 | 990.9 | 11.8 | 10.7 | 0.8 | 26.2 |
Arginine | 19.5 | 12.4 | 1.5 | 42.8 | 53.8 | 34.0 | 14.1 | 119.1 | 10.7 | 4.9 | 3.8 | 15.4 |
Aspartic Acid | 68.8 | 36.1 | 23.2 | 146.7 | 225.7 | 47.7 | 171.0 | 320.1 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 0.8 | 12.3 |
Citrulline | 7.1 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 13.6 | 42.5 | 21.4 | 9.3 | 68.7 | <LLOQ | - | - | - |
Cystine | 21.0 | 8.7 | 11.2 | 43.0 | 33.1 | 21.3 | 4.2 | 64.2 | <LLOQ | - | - | - |
Glx | 1,860.7 | 586.2 | 926.0 | 3,040.4 | 413.5 | 102.2 | 212.4 | 528.0 | 136.2 | 64.5 | 58.9 | 216.5 |
Glycine | 112.7 | 37.3 | 61.4 | 202.2 | 133.4 | 58.8 | 38.1 | 195.6 | 13.0 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 17.6 |
Histidine | 31.4 | 14.3 | 12.4 | 67.5 | 39.6 | 19.6 | 10.8 | 69.3 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 4.4 |
Isoleucine | 10.0 | 6.9 | 1.0 | 27.0 | 26.2 | 16.0 | 7.5 | 53.1 | 2.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.7 |
Leucine | 30.0 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 60.6 | 59.8 | 33.1 | 18.9 | 114.8 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 3.8 |
Lysine | 33.0 | 21.6 | 5.8 | 84.6 | 316.0 | 168.6 | 45.0 | 543.5 | 20.3 | 12.1 | 2.2 | 27.1 |
Methionine | 6.9 | 5.4 | 0.8 | 18.1 | 81.4 | 25.0 | 42.5 | 118.4 | <LLOQ | - | - | - |
Phenylalanine | 12.9 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 19.8 | 39.8 | 20.5 | 13.5 | 71.6 | <LLOQ | - | - | - |
Proline | 40.4 | 15.8 | 17.6 | 82.5 | 424.4 | 108.5 | 221.7 | 588.7 | 12.8 | 1.3 | 10.9 | 13.9 |
Serine | 97.6 | 28.8 | 55.4 | 143.6 | 204.2 | 67.5 | 73.9 | 291.1 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 5.4 |
Taurine | 310.6 | 142.9 | 168.3 | 743.0 | 181.3 | 25.6 | 141.9 | 220.0 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 0.8 | 16.5 |
Threonine | 81.5 | 27.7 | 45.4 | 132.0 | 309.3 | 122.4 | 99.3 | 528.4 | 3.5 | 2.0 | 0.8 | 5.7 |
Tryptophan | 3.4 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 6.2 | 31.0 | 13.8 | 11.0 | 55.0 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.9 |
Tyrosine | 15.6 | 11.0 | 0.8 | 35.3 | 67.4 | 32.8 | 21.4 | 119.8 | <LLOQ | - | - | - |
Valine | 51.5 | 17.4 | 27.1 | 93.6 | 98.8 | 45.6 | 37.6 | 166.5 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 7.8 |
Total (μM) | 3,031.6 | 775.0 | 1,997.7 | 4,569.4 | 3,460.2 | 1,028.1 | 1,557.9 | 4,868.7 | 240.5 | 90.8 | 169.3 | 367.1 |
EAA (μM)b | 274.6 | 94.2 | 177.0 | 524.0 | 1 055.6 | 464.8 | 300.2 | 1 826.0 | 49.0 | 25.3 | 11.7 | 65.1 |
EAA/Total (%) | 9.1 | 2.2 | 6.3 | 12.8 | 29.2 | 5.8 | 19.3 | 37.5 | 21.2 | 13.1 | 6.5 | 38.0 |
NEAA (μM)b | 2,757.0 | 715.8 | 1,767.2 | 4,192.2 | 2,404.6 | 585.7 | 1,257.6 | 3,042.7 | 191.5 | 82.1 | 105.0 | 302.0 |
NEAA/Total (%) | 90.9 | 2.2 | 87.2 | 93.7 | 70.8 | 5.8 | 62.5 | 80.7 | 78.8 | 13.1 | 62.0 | 93.5 |
EAA/NEAA | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.42 | 0.11 | 0.24 | 0.60 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.07 | 0.61 |
Glx/Total (%) | 60.6 | 5.5 | 46.4 | 69.3 | 12.2 | 1.5 | 10.2 | 13.9 | 55.6 | 15.4 | 34.8 | 71.8 |
SAA (μM)c | 335.0 | 143.8 | 181.9 | 757.6 | 295.8 | 60.5 | 222.8 | 378.1 | 8.5 | 7.4 | 2.3 | 18.0 |
SAA/Total (%) | 11.7 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 27.1 | 9.0 | 2.4 | 7.4 | 14.7 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 10.0 |