Impact of alternative approaches to assess outlying and influential observations on health care costs

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Table 1 Sample characteristics of veterans with colon cancer

		Full sample
		(N = 3,842)
		%
Age at diagnosis	66–75	49.2
	76–85	45.8
	86 and older	5.0
Gender	Male	96.5
Race	African American	15.5
Marital status	Not married	37.7
	Married	59.6
	Unknown	2.8
Stage at diagnosis	I	26.8
	II	30.7
	III	23.2
	IV	19.3
Comorbidity score ^a,b	0	51.4
	1	25.6
	2–3	18.5
	4 or higher	4.5
Chemotherapy ^c	Yes	33.6
Colectomy ^d	Yes	89.4
Hospitals with oncology services per capita	4^th quartile	24.9
Pre-diagnosis outpatient utilization ^e	High use	23.5
U.S. Census division	New England	3.1
	Middle Atlantic	16.6
	East North Central	9.3
	West North Central	10.4
	South Atlantic	18.9
	East South Central	5.8
	West South Central	13.7
	Mountain	2.8
	Pacific	19.4