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Figure 1

From: Efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for the treatment of large proximal ureteric stones and its impact on renal function

Figure 1

Position of trocars during surgery. (a) A 10-mm camera trocar above the anterior superior iliac spine on the mid-axillary line; (b) A 10-mm trocar below the 12th rib on the posterior axillary line; (c) A 5-mm trocar the 12th rib on the anterior axillary line; (d) A 5-mm trocar on the anterior axillary line above the iliac crest. PAL: posterior axillary line.

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