Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils

Sharma, Seema B; Sayyed, Riyaz Z; Trivedi, Mrugesh H; Gobi, Thivakaran A

doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-587

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Table 2 Important PSM, their ecological niches and organic acids produced

From: Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils

Organism	Ecological niche	Predominant acids produced	Reference
PSB	Soil and phosphate bearing rocks	ND(not determined)	Pikovskaya 1948
PSB	Bulk and rhizospheric soil	ND(not determined)	Gerretson 1948
Escherichia freundii	Soil	Lactic	Sperber 1958a, b
Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp.	Soil	Citric, glycolic, succinic, gluconic, oxalic, lactic	Sperber 1958a, b
Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus subtilus	Rhizospheric soil	Lactic, malic	Taha et al. 1969
Arthrobacter sp., Bascillus sp., Bacillus firmus B-7650	Wheat and cowpea rhizosphere	Lactic, citric	Bajpai and Sundara Rao 1971
Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Chaetomiumnigricolor	Lateritic soil	Oxalic, Succinic, Citric, 2-ketogluconic	Banik and Dey 1983
A. japonicus, A. foetidus	Indian Rock phosphate	Oxalic, citric, gluconic succinic, tartaric acid	Singal et al. 1994
P. radicum	rhizosphere of wheat roots,	Gluconic	Whitelaw et al. 1999
Enterobacteragglomerans	Wheat rhizosphere	Oxalic, citric	Kim et al. 1997
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, B. licheniformis, B. atrophaeus, Penibacillus macerans, Vibrio proteolyticus, xanthobacter agilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, E. taylorae, E. asburiae, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Pseudomonas aerogenes, Chryseomonas Luteola	Mangrove ecosystem	Lactic, itaconic, isovaleric, isobutyric, acetic	Vazquez et al. 2000
Penicillium rugulosum	Venezuelan phosphate rocks	Citric, gluconic acid	Reyes et al. 2001
Enterobacter intermedium	Grass rhizosphere	2-ketogluconic	Hwangbo et al. 2003
Aspergillus flavus, A . niger, Penicilliumcanescens	stored wheat grains	Oxalic, citric, gluconic succinic	Maliha et al. 2004
P.fluorescens	Root fragments and rhizosphere of oil palm trees	Citric, malic, tartaric, gluconic	Fankem et al. 2006
Aspergillus niger	Tropical and subtropical soil	Gluconic, oxalic	Chuang et al. 2007
P.trivialis	rhizosphere of Hippophaer hamnoides growing in the cold deserts of Lahaul and Spiti in the trans-Himalayas	Lactic, formic	Vyas and Gulati 2009
B.pumilus var.2;B.subtilisvar.2;Actinomadura oligospora; Citrobacter sp.	Giant Cardon cactus (P.pringlei) growing in ancient lava	Gluconic, Propionic, Isovaleric, Heptonic, Caproic, Isocaproic, Formic, Valeric, Succinic, Oxalic, Oxalacetic, Malonic.	Puente et al. 2004a
B.pumilus CHOO8A; B.fusiformis	Cholla cactus(Opuntia Cholla)		Puente et al. 2004a
Bacillus sp. SENDO 6 and	Giant Cardon cactus (P.pringlei)	Gluconic, Propionic, Isovaleric, Formic, Succinic, Lactic.	Puente et al. 2009a, b
Pseudomonas putida M5TSA, Enterobacter sakazakii M2PFe, and Bacillus megaterium M1PCa	Wild cactus Mammillaria fraileana		Lopez et al. 2011

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