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Table 5 Prevalence rates of urinary KIM-1 among urinary Cd categories

From: Use of the kidney injury molecule-1 as a biomarker for early detection of renal tubular dysfunction in a population chronically exposed to cadmium in the environment

 

U-Cd (μg/g Cr)

N

Mean of U-Cd

Mean of age (y)

KIM-1 prevalence (%)

Men

0–0.99

3

1.0

45.0

0

(0.0)

1–1.99

10

1.5

57.0

1

(10.0)

2–2.99

13

2.8

51.0

3

(23.1)

3–3.99

28

3.6

49.0

1

(3.6)

4–4.99

26

4.5

51.5

3

(11.5)

5–5.99

36

5.5

56.0

8

(22.2)

6–6.99

34

6.5

53.0

7

(20.6)

7–7.99

20

7.5

49.0

4

(20.0)

8–8.99

14

8.4

58.0

3

(21.4)

9–9.99

14

9.5

60.0

7

(50.0)

10–14.99

47

11.8

61.0

19

(40.4)

15–19.99

7

15.6

47.0

0

(0.0)

20 –

8

28.4

56.0

4

(50.0)

Women

0–0.99

3

0.8

43.0

0

(0.0)

1–1.99

20

1.6

52.0

1

(5.0)

2–2.99

16

2.5

58.5

2

(12.5)

3–3.99

44

3.5

50.5

2

(4.5)

4–4.99

35

4.6

53.0

4

(11.4)

5–5.99

41

5.5

51.0

3

(7.3)

6–6.99

43

6.6

50.0

8

(18.6)

7–7.99

40

7.3

53.0

5

(12.5)

8–8.99

42

8.5

56.0

7

(16.7)

9–9.99

35

9.4

54.0

3

(8.6)

10–14.99

77

11.7

54.0

11

(14.3)

15–19.99

23

16.5

52.0

7

(30.4)

20 –

21

23.9

55.0

9

(42.9)

  1. N: number of subjects, y: years, U-Cd: urinary Cd.
  2. Cutoff values for U-KIM-1 = 1,577 μg/g Cr for men, 2,413 μg/g Cr for women, which were 95%tile values of the subjects with U-Cd < 2 μg/g Cr.