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Table 1 Material properties used in the middle ear FE model

From: Experimental measurement of tympanic membrane response for finite element model validation of a human middle ear

Type of properties

Composition

Present study

(Koike et al.2002)

Gan et al. (2002,2006)

Young's modulus (N/m2)

Tympanic membrane(tensa)

3.34 × 107

3.34 × 107

3.2 × 107

 

Tympanic membrane(flaccida)

1.11 × 107

1.11 × 107

1.0 × 107

 

Malleus

1.2 × 1010

1.2 × 1010

1.41 × 1010

 

Incus

1.2 × 1010

1.2 × 1010

1.41 × 1010

 

Stapes

1.2 × 1010

1.2 × 1010

1.41 × 1010

 

Incudomalleolar joint

1.2 × 1010

-

1.41 × 1010

 

Incudostapedial joint

6.0 × 105

6.0 × 106

6.0 × 105

 

Anterior malleal ligament

2.1 × 107

2.1 × 107

2.1 × 106

 

Posterior incudal ligament

6.5 × 105

6.5 × 105

6.5 × 105

 

Tensor tympani muscle

2.6 × 105

2.6 × 106

2.6 × 106

 

Manubrium

4.7 × 109

-

4.7 × 109

 

Stapedius muscle

5.2 × 105

5.2 × 105

-

 

Tympanic annular ligament

6.0 × 105

-

6.0 × 105

Density (kg/m2)

Tympanic membrane(tensa)

1.2 × 103

1.2 × 103

1.2 × 103

 

Tympanic membrane(flaccida)

1.2 × 103

1.2 × 103

1.2 × 103

 

Malleus(head)

2.55 × 103

2.5-6.2 × 103

2.55 × 103

 

Malleus(neck)

4.53 × 103

2.5-6.2 × 103

4.53 × 103

 

Malleus(handle)

3.70 × 103

2.5-6.2 × 103

3.70 × 103

 

Incus(body)

2.36 × 103

2.5-6.2 × 103

2.36 × 103

 

Incus(short process)

2.26 × 103

2.5-6.2 × 103

2.26 × 103

 

Incus(long process)

5.08 × 103

2.5-6.2 × 103

5.08 × 103

 

Stapes

2.2 × 103

2.5-6.2 × 103

2.2 × 103

 

Incudomalleolar joint

3.2 × 103

2.5 × 103

3.2 × 103

 

Incudostapedial joint

1.2 × 103

2.5 × 103

1.2 × 103

 

Anterior malleal ligament

2.5 × 103

2.5 × 103

-

 

Posterior incudal ligament

2.5 × 103

2.5 × 103

-

 

Tensor tympani muscle

2.5 × 103

2.5 × 103

-

 

Manubrium

1.0 × 103

2.5 × 103

1.0 × 103

 

Stapedius muscle

2.5 × 103

2.5 × 103

-

 

Tympanic annular ligament

2.5 × 103

2.5 × 103

-

Spring constant (N/m)

Stapedius annular ligament

9

-

9

 

Cochlear fluid

70(42)

-

60(49)

Poisson’s ratio

 

0.3

0.3

0.3

Damping parameters (N s/m)

Cochlear fluid

0.054

-

0.054