On the existence of another source of heat production for the earth and planets, and its connection with gravitomagnetism

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Table 1 Mantle energy budget: preferred value and range

	TW	TW
Oceanic heat loss (300 × 10⁶ km²)	32	30−34
Continental heat loss (210 × 10⁶ km²)	14	13−15
Total surface heat loss (510 × 10⁶ km²)	46	43−49
Radioactive sources (mantle + crust)	20	17−23
Continental heat production (crust + lith. mantle)	7	6−8
Heat flux from convecting mantle	39	35−43
Radioactive heat sources (convecting mantle)	13	9−17
Heat from core	8	5−10^a
Tidal dissipation in solid earth	0.1
Gravitational energy (differentiation of crust)	0.3
Total input	21	14−27
Net loss (mantle cooling)	18	8−29
Present cooling rate, K Gy^-1	118	53−190
Present Urey ratio^b	0.33	0.21−0.49

^aThis range includes estimates from core thermodynamics and inference from the perovskite-post-perovskite phase diagram.
^bUrey ratio for the convecting mantle, leaving out crustal heat sources from both heat loss and heat production. The distribution in the range is barely known for most cases and the preferred value is simply the middle one. The cooling rate is computed assuming Cp = 1200JK^-1 kg^-1.