Figure 4

PTRA for the stenotic posterior branch of the venous bypass graft. a. Angiography before PTRA. We used carbon dioxide gas as contrast material because the creatinine level of the patient was elevated to 1.27 mg/dl. We used a guiding catheter which shape of the tip was straight (arrowhead). There was stenosis at the proximal region of the posterior branch of the left renal bypass graft (arrow). The anterior branch of the left renal bypass graft showed no significant stenosis. b. The mounted balloon could not achieve adequate dilation (arrow). c. Angiography after additional dilation. Stenotic lesion was adequately dilated (arrow).