Analysis on genetic diversification and heterosis in autotetraploid rice

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Table 3 Genetic variation in agronomic traits of diploid and autotetraploid rice

Traits	Diploid			Autotetraploid			t	P
	Mean	Range	CV (%)	Mean	Range	CV (%)
PH	99.51	66.67–152.00	20.60	90.63	70.83–137.67	15.61	−2.168	0.036*
PL	22.22	14.59–35.87	17.89	25.12	18.58–31.34	10.49	3.684	0.001**
EPN	7.10	4.33–11.00	23.35	5.09	2.33–8.33	31.58	−4.874	1.964E–5**
TGP	514.21	281.00–946.33	29.93	420.17	206.67–704.00	31.17	−3.136	0.003**
GPP	128.07	82.67–229.00	27.10	90.08	54.00–142.56	28.84	−5.279	1.340E–6**
FLL	33.93	18.63–46.90	20.00	37.06	26.33–48.23	14.56	1.763	0.086
FLW	1.68	1.17–2.23	14.19	1.75	1.30–2.27	14.52	1.221	0.230
GL	7.88	6.15–11.97	16.13	9.69	8.00–12.92	11.79	5.677	1.580E–6**
GW	2.84	2.00–3.53	16.40	3.17	2.20–4.10	13.60	4.044	2.478E–4**
L/W	2.89	1.74–5.07	28.98	3.13	2.14–4.83	20.81	1.309	0.198
GD	58.20	37.40–92.90	24.70	35.80	24.4–53.80	25.60	−8.321	4.347E–10**
GY	2.98	0.63–5.74	35.89	1.50	0.11–4.97	72.21	−6.357	1.843 E–7**
GWT	24.49	19.60–43.03	18.26	33.88	28.30–52.80	14.72	9.041	5.209 E–11**
SS (%)	79.29	25.68–96.76	19.36	33.05	2.54–67.57	52.43	−11.282	1.076E–13**

*,** Significantly different from zero at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. CV = coefficient of variation.
PH = plant height, PL = panicle length, EPN = effective panicles number, TGP = total number of grains per plant, GPP = grains per panicle, FLL = flag leave length, FLW = flag leave width, GL = grain length, GW = grain width, L/W = grain length to width, GD = grain density, GY = grain yield, GWT = 1000-grain weight and SS = seed set ratio.