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Table 3 Summary of 44 reported cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage with extravasation of contrast medium seen on computed tomography angiography (CTA), including those reported herein

From: Intracranial extravasation of contrast medium during diagnostic CT angiography in the initial evaluation of subarachnoid hemorrhage: report of 16 cases and review of the literature

Patient characteristics

 

Valuables

Age

mean ± SD (range)

63.5 ± 15.0 (35–96)

Sex

M/F

16/28

Location

ACoA

16

ACA

3

ICA

10

MCA

9

BA/VA

4

PCA

2

Time from onset to CTA

≤1 h

18

1 h<, ≤2 h

8

2 h <, ≤3 h

7

3 h <, ≤6 h

1

6 h <

3

NR

7

WFNS Grade before CTA

I

2

II

6

III

0

IV

4

V

28

NR

4

Treatment

clipping

15

coil embolization

3

no aneurysm secure

26

Outcome

favorable

8

vegetative state

3

death

32

NR

1

  1. The vast majority of patients were of poor grade. Less than half aneurysms were secured and these were associated with poor clinical outcome: 18% survived with a favorable functional status and 72% died.
  2. WFNS World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, AcoA anterior communicating artery, ACA anterior cerebral artery, ICA internal carotid artery, MCA middle cerebral artery, BA basilar artery, VA vertebral artery, PCA posterior cerebral artery, NR not reported.
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