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Figure 2 | SpringerPlus

Figure 2

From: Involvement of free radicals in breast cancer

Figure 2

ROS/RNS role in the carcinogenesis process. Oxygen and nitrogen reactive species produce damage in the DNA and other biomolecules and play a major role in genetic instability, affecting progression through the cell cycle, cell repair, and the type of cell death (apoptosis, senescence, or autophagy). Free radicals are also important in cell transformation, differentiation, and cell proliferation processes and may be useful for evaluating the tissue inflammatory response. Finally, with respect to carcinogenesis, these radicals have been implicated in tumor progression, angiogenesis, the immune response, and the invasive and metastatic potential of tumor cells.

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