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Figure 4 | SpringerPlus

Figure 4

From: Temporal and spatial variation in bird and human use of beaches in southern California

Figure 4

The direction and strength of associations among variables, partitioned among four categories of birds on the beach. Solid arrows indicate associations with abundance, whereas dashed arrows indicate associations with species richness. Red arrows are negative associations, green arrows are positive associations and black arrows are categorical effects. Arrow width indicates the number of significant digits in the P value. This is not the same as the slope of the effect or the strength of a standardized regression coefficient, so the figure should not be interpreted as a path diagram or structural equation model. “Housing” refers to residential development.

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