Table 1 Functions of established cuproenzymes and copper-binding proteins ɠ
From: Copper content of staple seeds and grains grown in Kanam local government area, Nigeria
Copper enzyme/binding protein | Function |
|---|---|
Cuproenzymes | |
Amine oxidases (monoamine oxidase, tryamine oxidase and histamine oxidase) | Deamination of primary amines |
Caeruloplasmin | Oxidation of iron, copper transport, antioxidant |
Copper–zinc-superoxide dismutase | Free radical detoxification |
Cytochrome c oxidase | Electron transport |
Diamine oxidase | Oxidative deamination of amines |
Dopamine b-hydroxylase | Catecholamine production |
Extracellular superoxide dismutase | Free radical detoxification |
Ferroxidase II | Oxidation of iron |
Hephaestin | Copper oxidase, export of iron from intestine |
Lysyl oxidase | Cross-linking of collagen and elastin |
Peptidylglycine a-amidating monooxygenase | a-Amidation of peptides |
Thiol oxidase | Disulfide bond formation |
Tyrosinase | Melanin production |
Intracellular copper transporters | |
ATP7A (Menke’s disease protein) | Copper transporter |
ATP7B (Wilson’s disease protein) | Copper transporter |
Cox17 | Copper chaperone for cytochrome c oxidase |
CCS | Copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase |
ATOX-1 (HAH1) | Copper homeostasis and antioxidant defence |
Extracellular copper transporters | |
Albumin | Copper transporter |
Transcuprein | Copper transporter |
Copper proteins with no known catalytic/transport function | |
Clotting factor V | Blood clotting |
Clotting factor VIII | Blood clotting |
Metallothionein | Copper storage |